Can The Prince be Applied to the Politics of Modern Society? Essay

Niccol Machiavelli wrote The Prince in order to set forth certain guidelines the regulation of a state must follow in order to rule successfully. During Machiavellis time the world was filled with monarchies and other forms of government that act differently from the common democracy that is in the world today. Could a political book written in the 16th century still have value in todays politics? In order to answer this question, this paper will take an in depth look at Barrack Obama, to happen whether he is following the guidelines Machiavelli has caused. I argue that the majority of the guidelines are still followed today, thus The Prince sets forth ideas that still hold value in todays political society. Niccol di Bernadrdo de Machiavelli was a resident of Florence, Italy, andwas unable to participate in government due to the lack of his fathers wealth (Rebhorn, Introduction, pg.15). Little is known about(predicate) Machiavellis youth records of him dont start showing up aga in until 1498 when he was reinstalled in the newly elected city government, which had just overthrown the Medici family. at that place he worked in numerous government positions until 1512 when Spain invaded Italy and the Medici family reclaimed power. They imprisoned him and he was eventually exiled outside of Florence. This is where he wrote The Prince, as a guide for Italy and Florence to have a balance of power and control. His writings are based on the current political atmosphere of his time and historical examples from other states, in order to create a certain guideline to monarchs on how they should rule (Rebhorn, Introduction, pg. 15). First Machiavelli gives the guidelines for how a new principality should be created from an existing one. In the ... ...KWTX, 27 Oct. 2008. Web. 08 May 2014.Leigh, David, pile Ball, Ian Cobain, and Jason Burke. Guantnamo Leaks Lift Lid on Worlds Most Controversial Prison. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 25 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.Machiavelli, Niccol, and Wayne A. Rebhorn. The Prince and Other Writings. New York Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003. Print.Manuel, Dave. US Military disbursement Over the Years. DaveManuel.com. N.p., 14 June 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.McHenry, Robert. Impeach Obama, Already? Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Nov. 2008. Web. 08 May 2014.Peter, Bergen, Sterman David, Emily Schneider, and Bailey Cahall. Do NSAs wad Surveillance Programs Stop Terrorists? NewAmerica.org. Do NSAs Bulk Surveillance Programs Stop Terrorists? New America Foundation, 13 Jan. 2014. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.

Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles Essay -- Parthenon Marbles

Legal Ownership of the Parthenon witsThe controversy began almost one hundred years ago. Between 1801 and 1812, Thomas Bruce, seventh Earl of Elgin and British Ambassador to the queer Empire, removed several sculptures from the Parthenon in capital of Greece and shipped them to England, where he sold them to the British Museum in 1816. 167 years later, Melina Mercouri, Greek Minister of Culture, bespeak that the Elgin marble be returned. This request sparked one of the greatest debates the art solid ground has ever known. For the past two decades, people have argued over who has the rights to these Marbles. The Greek note is certainly understandable from a cultural and emotional point of view. However, from the rack of legality and logic, it is hard to make a solid case against the Marbles go on presence in Britain. Legally, Greece could call for the return of the Parthenon Marbles if it could prove that they were falsely taken and never belonged, legally or morally, t o the British. If Lord Elgins title were proved defective, then the same would hold true for Englands title. In post to determine whether or not this is the case, the first question that must be raised(a) is whether the Ottomans (then the recognized government of Greece) had the authority to transfer property rights to Elgin. Under outside(a) law at the time, acts of Ottoman officials with respect to property under their authority were valid. steady if those actions were not widely supported, they were still legal. The Ottoman officials had a solid learn to authority over the Parthenon because it was public property, which the successor nation acquires on change of sovereignty. Therefore, it is take a crap that the Ottomans had the power to give Elgin property rights. The next question that must be raised is whether or not they did. This has proven to be slightly less clear. Elgin obtained from the Ottoman government in Constantinople a formal written instrument calle d a firman. This document statesIt is incumbent on us to provide that they i.e. Elgins party meet no opposition in walking, viewing, or contemplating the pictures and buildings they may wish to design or copy and in any of their works of fixing scaffolding ... around the ancient Temple of the Idols, or in modeling with chalk or gypsum the express ornaments and visible figures ... or in excavati... ...ons. New Yorks Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Louvre in Paris, and all otherwise western museums contain vast collections of work from other parts of the piece. These marbles symbolize the cultural property in all of the worlds museums, and this debate affects them all.Works CitedDaley, Michael. Phedias Albion, Arts Review Volume 52 (2000) 34-35.Goldsmith, John. The Gymnasium of the Mind, The Journals of Roger Hinks 1933 1963. Salisbury Michael Russell Publishing, 1984.Hitchens, Christopher. The Elgin Marbles Should They be Returned to Greece? London New York Verso, 1998. Jenkins, Ian. The 1930s cleaning of the Parthenon Sculptures in the British Museum, The British Museum (2001) http//www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/parthenon/Kurtz, Donna (ed.). Bernard Ashmole 1894-1988, An Autobiography. Oxford Oxford Books, 1995.Merryman, John Henry. Thinking about the Elgin Marbles Critical Essays on Cultural Property, Art, and Law. London Kluwer Law worldwide Ltd, 2000. St. Clair, William. The Elgin Marbles Questions of stewardship and accountability, International Journal of Cultural Property Volume 8 Issue 2 (1999) 391-521. Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles Essay -- Parthenon Marbles Legal Ownership of the Parthenon MarblesThe controversy began almost one hundred years ago. Between 1801 and 1812, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, removed several sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens and shipped them to England, where he sold them to the British Museum in 1816. 167 years later, Melina Mercouri, Greek Minister of Culture, requested that the Elgin Marbles be returned. This request sparked one of the greatest debates the art world has ever known. For the past two decades, people have argued over who has the rights to these Marbles. The Greek position is certainly understandable from a cultural and emotional point of view. However, from the standpoint of legality and logic, it is hard to make a solid case against the Marbles continued presence in Britain. Legally, Greece could call for the return of the Parthenon Marbles if it could prove that they were wrongly taken and never belonged, legally or morally, to the British. If Lord Elgins title were proven defective, then the same would hold true for Englands title. In order to determine whether or not this is the case, the first question that must be raised is whether the Ottomans (then the recognized government of Greece) had the authority to transfer property rights to Elgin. Under international law at the ti me, acts of Ottoman officials with respect to property under their authority were valid. Even if those actions were not widely supported, they were still legal. The Ottoman officials had a solid claim to authority over the Parthenon because it was public property, which the successor nation acquires on change of sovereignty. Therefore, it is clear that the Ottomans had the power to give Elgin property rights. The next question that must be raised is whether or not they did. This has proven to be slightly less clear. Elgin obtained from the Ottoman government in Constantinople a formal written instrument called a firman. This document statesIt is incumbent on us to provide that they i.e. Elgins party meet no opposition in walking, viewing, or contemplating the pictures and buildings they may wish to design or copy and in any of their works of fixing scaffolding ... around the ancient Temple of the Idols, or in modeling with chalk or gypsum the said ornaments and visible figure s ... or in excavati... ...ons. New Yorks Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Louvre in Paris, and all other western museums contain vast collections of work from other parts of the world. These marbles symbolize the cultural property in all of the worlds museums, and this debate affects them all.Works CitedDaley, Michael. Phedias Albion, Arts Review Volume 52 (2000) 34-35.Goldsmith, John. The Gymnasium of the Mind, The Journals of Roger Hinks 1933 1963. Salisbury Michael Russell Publishing, 1984.Hitchens, Christopher. The Elgin Marbles Should They be Returned to Greece? London New York Verso, 1998.Jenkins, Ian. The 1930s Cleaning of the Parthenon Sculptures in the British Museum, The British Museum (2001) http//www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/parthenon/Kurtz, Donna (ed.). Bernard Ashmole 1894-1988, An Autobiography. Oxford Oxford Books, 1995.Merryman, John Henry. Thinking about the Elgin Marbles Critical Essays on Cultural Property, Art, and Law. London Kluwer Law Internati onal Ltd, 2000. St. Clair, William. The Elgin Marbles Questions of stewardship and accountability, International Journal of Cultural Property Volume 8 Issue 2 (1999) 391-521.

John Smith And Pocahontas: A Disney Romance :: essays research papers

It can be easily assumed that almost e very unrivaled has heard the tale of the American Indian princess, Pocahontas the narrative of a confidential young girl who rescues an English venturer from death only to fall in love and win his affections in return. It is one that is quite popular and has evening been developed into an animated depiction by Walt Disney Pictures. Regardless of which version they may have heard, most people are familiar with the legend now thank in part to Disney. However, what they are not familiar with, are the facts. All too often, we accept what is presented in films as history without any thought into the matter. Did Pocahontas and explorer John metalworker ever actually meet? If so, how did they, and was there ever the feeling of love amongst them? There are similarities, but more differences between historical fact and what is presented in the Walt Disney motion picture.Aside from obvious deviations of the film, such as the language , there are oth ers including how Pocahontas and Smith meet, which they did in fact do. In the movie from the beginning, Pocahontas is an independent, curious woman who stumbles upon the English settlement. As a result, Captain Smith notices her and assures her that he will do her no harm. The two instantly warm to one another. While this makes a wonderful opening for a movie we view a great scene of the English working hard to establish a settlement it is not how they met at all. In his book Pocahontas and Her World, Philip L. Barbour offers a more accurate account of the twos first meeting. He explains that John Smith was the one who was adventuring, not Pocahontas (as Disney depicts). He says that "on or about December 29, 1607" , Smith was led into the chiefs hut as a " captive" by Indian braves. Inside, he witnessed chief Powhatan Pocahontas father lying in comfort, surrounded by women he thought to be the chiefs wives . fit in to Barbour, Smith was treated well and given food and drink. What happened next was more exciting than a modern day film could depict, but also very complicated to explain in a film geared toward younger audiences. After some dicussion among the elders, "two big stones were brought in, and Smith was forcibly stretched out on them.

Dreams :: essays research papers

Dreams Could They Be All They Are Made Out To Be?Over a seventy-year life span, youll devote at least fifty thousand hours to dreaming (Segell 42). These dreams can be made up of many things. They can be a window into another world or like a urgent fax from your subconscious (Graves 97). Many things can affect what we dream about and they are not always our previous thoughts. Things much(prenominal) as gender, information gained during the course of time, or even sensations received while asleep all contribute to the content of dreams. Many times they contribute to a greater extent than than than roughly people think. Gender affects many things, including the way we dream. Men typically dream about fighting, protecting, or competing in an outside environment women are more likely to dream about relationships and loss in an inside environment (Segell 42). Most men get to been brought up with the notion that they must have more of a tendency of being aggressive. In this aggressi on they either dream about how aggressive they are or about the lack of aggression in their daily routine. Women, on the other hand, have typically been brought up to be more emotional than men. This up bringing has also affected the way women dream. Women are more likely to dial into their interior life whether awake or asleep (Segell 42). This means that women will read into their dreams more frequently then men. Researchers have found that problems that occur during the day either at work or home and are worked through in your sleep (Segell 42). While men would most likely look at these dreams as nothing but a dream, women will try to face these problems throughout the day. Although there are many differences there are also similarities between men and women in dreams. Like women, you have slightly more negative than positive dreams (Segell 42). Which in this case would show one(a) of those similarities. Other similarities would include sex dreams and the ongoing infatuation ab out their body and physical appearances. This also shows that although men and women are very different their mind work very similarly. This could be from being brought up or society constantly showing no hope in the life we live. In the course of the darkness your mind will keep working or trying to figure out problems that crossed your path over time. Dreams perform emotional homework that helps us master lifes lessons (Graves 190).

Camus Philosophy As Revealed I :: essays research papers

In L&8217Etranger, Camus uses Mersaults&8217 experiences such as his mothers&8217 death, killing the Arab, the trial, and his interactions with other characters passim the novel to convey his philosophy, which satisfies all principals of existentialism.To convey his existentialist philosophy, Camus uses the death of Mersaults&8217 mother in the beginning of the novel. On the first page, Mersault is more concerned about the exact time of his mothers&8217 death, and not the fact that he recently lost a love one. This shows that Mersault feels that there is no antecedent to mourn for his mothers&8217 death, and also conveys the existentialist cerebration that reason is powerless to deal with the depths of human life. The fact that Mersault shows no compassion eventually conveys Camus&8217 philosophy of existentialism. Also, at Mersaults&8217 mothers funeral Mersault does not cry or behave the agency that caller expects him to act. This is because Mersault is an existentialist, a nd does not act in the &8216appropriate&8217 manner in which society expects, which coerces him estrange from the people around him.In the events leading up to the layover when Mersault kills the Arab, the heat, sun, and light begin to affect him more and more, at which point his animal(a) feelings get the better of him and cause him to pull the trigger and kill the Arab. This part of the novel shows how Mersault is estranged from nature, in the way that for the first time in the novel the sun and his sensual pleasures begin to act against him, and cause him to lose control. During the trial, Camus begins to ridicule the legal system, and make apparent the fact that Mersault is truly an outsider. Camus does this by making Mersault feel as though he is &8216out of place&8217 at his trial. He also does this by showing that Mersaults&8217 case is rushed, due to the fact that there is a more raise parricide case next. This reveals Camus&8217 philosophy by Estranging Mersault from society, and legal system.During the time in which Mersault is imprisoned, he begins to feel that he is unable to accept death and wants to &8216escape the requisite&8217.(p.104) This is how Camus uses Mersault to explain another principle of existentialism, which is that an existentialist begins to feel fear, anxiety and angst. The reason that Mersault feels this is that he is denied everything in prison and has nothing to deal with but himself, which makes him able to image what is going to happen to him.Camus Philosophy As Revealed I essays research cover In L&8217Etranger, Camus uses Mersaults&8217 experiences such as his mothers&8217 death, killing the Arab, the trial, and his interactions with other characters throughout the novel to convey his philosophy, which satisfies all principals of existentialism.To convey his existentialist philosophy, Camus uses the death of Mersaults&8217 mother in the beginning of the novel. On the first page, Mersault is more concerned about the exact time of his mothers&8217 death, and not the fact that he recently lost a loved one. This shows that Mersault feels that there is no reason to mourn for his mothers&8217 death, and also conveys the existentialist idea that reason is powerless to deal with the depths of human life. The fact that Mersault shows no compassion ultimately conveys Camus&8217 philosophy of existentialism. Also, at Mersaults&8217 mothers funeral Mersault does not cry or behave the way that society expects him to act. This is because Mersault is an existentialist, and does not act in the &8216appropriate&8217 manner in which society expects, which makes him estranged from the people around him.In the events leading up to the point when Mersault kills the Arab, the heat, sun, and light begin to affect him more and more, at which point his sensual feelings overwhelm him and cause him to pull the trigger and kill the Arab. This part of the novel shows how Mersault is estranged from nature, in the way that for the first time in the novel the sun and his sensual pleasures begin to act against him, and cause him to lose control. During the trial, Camus begins to ridicule the legal system, and make apparent the fact that Mersault is truly an outsider. Camus does this by making Mersault feel as though he is &8216out of place&8217 at his trial. He also does this by showing that Mersaults&8217 case is rushed, due to the fact that there is a more exciting parricide case next. This reveals Camus&8217 philosophy by Estranging Mersault from society, and legal system.During the time in which Mersault is imprisoned, he begins to feel that he is unable to accept death and wants to &8216escape the inevitable&8217.(p.104) This is how Camus uses Mersault to explain another principle of existentialism, which is that an existentialist begins to feel fear, anxiety and angst. The reason that Mersault feels this is that he is denied everything in prison and has nothing to deal with but himself, which makes him able to consider what is going to happen to him.

Camus Philosophy As Revealed I :: essays research papers

In L&8217Etranger, Camus uses Mersaults&8217 experiences such as his mothers&8217 death, cleanup the Arab, the trial, and his interactions with other characters throughout the novel to convey his philosophy, which satisfies all principals of existentialism.To convey his existentialist philosopher philosophy, Camus uses the death of Mersaults&8217 mother in the beginning of the novel. On the first page, Mersault is more bear on about the exact time of his mothers&8217 death, and not the incident that he late lost a loved one. This shows that Mersault musical notes that on that point is no reason to mourn for his mothers&8217 death, and in any case conveys the existentialist idea that reason is powerless to destiny with the depths of human life. The fact that Mersault shows no compassion ultimately conveys Camus&8217 philosophy of existentialism. Also, at Mersaults&8217 mothers funeral Mersault does not cry or behave the way that society expects him to act. This is because Me rsault is an existentialist, and does not act in the &8216 captivate&8217 manner in which society expects, which makes him estranged from the people around him.In the events lead up to the point when Mersault kills the Arab, the heat, sun, and light begin to affect him more and more, at which point his sensual feelings overwhelm him and cause him to pull the trigger and kill the Arab. This disunite of the novel shows how Mersault is estranged from nature, in the way that for the first time in the novel the sun and his sensual pleasures begin to act against him, and cause him to lose control. During the trial, Camus begins to chaff the profound system, and make apparent the fact that Mersault is truly an outsider. Camus does this by do Mersault feel as though he is &8216out of place&8217 at his trial. He also does this by showing that Mersaults&8217 case is rushed, due to the fact that there is a more exciting parricide case next. This reveals Camus&8217 philosophy by Estranging Mersault from society, and legal system.During the time in which Mersault is imprisoned, he begins to feel that he is unable to have a bun in the oven death and wants to &8216escape the inevitable&8217.(p.104) This is how Camus uses Mersault to explain another principle of existentialism, which is that an existentialist begins to feel fear, anxiety and angst. The reason that Mersault feels this is that he is denied everything in prison and has nothing to deal with but himself, which makes him able to consider what is going to happen to him.Camus Philosophy As Revealed I essays research papers In L&8217Etranger, Camus uses Mersaults&8217 experiences such as his mothers&8217 death, killing the Arab, the trial, and his interactions with other characters throughout the novel to convey his philosophy, which satisfies all principals of existentialism.To convey his existentialist philosophy, Camus uses the death of Mersaults&8217 mother in the beginning of the novel. On the first page, Mersault is more concerned about the exact time of his mothers&8217 death, and not the fact that he recently lost a loved one. This shows that Mersault feels that there is no reason to mourn for his mothers&8217 death, and also conveys the existentialist idea that reason is powerless to deal with the depths of human life. The fact that Mersault shows no compassion ultimately conveys Camus&8217 philosophy of existentialism. Also, at Mersaults&8217 mothers funeral Mersault does not cry or behave the way that society expects him to act. This is because Mersault is an existentialist, and does not act in the &8216appropriate&8217 manner in which society expects, which makes him estranged from the people around him.In the events leading up to the point when Mersault kills the Arab, the heat, sun, and light begin to affect him more and more, at which point his sensual feelings overwhelm him and cause him to pull the trigger and kill the Arab. This part of the novel shows how Mersault is e stranged from nature, in the way that for the first time in the novel the sun and his sensual pleasures begin to act against him, and cause him to lose control. During the trial, Camus begins to ridicule the legal system, and make apparent the fact that Mersault is truly an outsider. Camus does this by making Mersault feel as though he is &8216out of place&8217 at his trial. He also does this by showing that Mersaults&8217 case is rushed, due to the fact that there is a more exciting parricide case next. This reveals Camus&8217 philosophy by Estranging Mersault from society, and legal system.During the time in which Mersault is imprisoned, he begins to feel that he is unable to accept death and wants to &8216escape the inevitable&8217.(p.104) This is how Camus uses Mersault to explain another principle of existentialism, which is that an existentialist begins to feel fear, anxiety and angst. The reason that Mersault feels this is that he is denied everything in prison and has nothin g to deal with but himself, which makes him able to consider what is going to happen to him.

Dramatisation Of Macbeth †Explain And Evaluate Essay

IntroductionMacbeth is a very outstanding interpret beca expend it goes done many stages and finishedout these stages there be mixed feelings between characters and these be portrayed as very hammy. Macbeth as a play involves many themes as he changes from good to aversion, love, temptation, ambition, equivocation, and corruption. These themes have to be portrayed in a counsel, which gives maximum effect and understanding of the characters dramatization. There are two main ports in which Macbeth can be dramatised. Through the language and through physical methods. A physical method is a term I standardized to use to explain anything which is done physically and portrays the idea that needs to be carried across. E.g. clothes, lightingPortrayal Through LanguageThere are many carriages in which Macbeth can be dramatised through language. throughout my research on Macbeth I found many. Shakespeare tends to use many proficiencys in order to portray his message through langua ge, and in fact he uses language more than than any other method.Soliloquies. A soliloquy is a monologue spoken by a especial(a) character that is alone on stage or assumes that he or she is alone. It reveals their inner thoughts and give. So that you as a viewer will be fitted to know the truth when he as a character doesnt know that you do, this dramatises the issue that he talks about and puts depth in to it, make it more interesting. Shakespeare uses this method in many occasions. One main occasion in which he utilise a soliloquy is when Macbeth was near the great bulwark and he is choosing weather to kill or not to kill because he knows that if he does there will be consequences, he says this to himself But in these cases, We unsounded have judgement here that we but teach Bloody instructions. Shakespeare dramatises the situation using this technique.Another technique that Shakespeare uses is called Prose. He usually does this on characters that are low status but he n ever feared to break that rule. There are only five prose sequences within the whole play.1. Macbeths letter to his wife2. The doorman3. Macbeths conversation with the assassins4. Part of lady Mac duffs conversation with her news5. Lady Macbeths sleepwalkingA prose is a forge to explain someone explaining the subject she/he is talking about. Usually Shakespeare tends to use a meter before a prose. A verse is an important technique used by Shakespeare as well. Probably the most common technique used in Macbeth is his famous blank verse (unrhyming lines with a five arrive rhythm iambic pentameter). In a blank verse each line has five iambs (feet), each with a stressed (/) and unstressed (X) syllableX / X / X / X / X /So fair / and foul / a day / I have / not seenShakespeare uses blank verse very flexibly, make the rhythm of the characters speech very appropriate to the meaning, the mood, and the speakers meaning and mood, this is how Shakespeare dramatises using this technique. Shakespeare could not do this without creating new run-in to match the blank verse H. An average person would have a vocabulary of 6,000 words. An estimate of Shakespeares vocabulary would be around 30,000 words. He shitd new words in such a transparent and understandable way. He does this by the use of Hyphen. Macbeth is full of Hyphenated words, many are so familiar that we do not recognise them as Shakespeares. These words help to dramatise Macbeth in the way that it adds more detail to anything Shakespeare was trying to explain about the situation or the character. Examples of some of his new words* New-born* Firm-set* New-hatched* Live-long* Bare-faced* Earth-bound* Lily-livered* Cut-throatThis shows that Shakespeare likes to dramatise and create meaning atmosphere with some significance within his plays. Especially Macbeth is a great example of his efforts to portray his dramatisation and earthshaking meaning effect on the viewer making the viewer understand more than he usually should.Shakespeare is never afraid to repeat himself or on a regular basis use a word. The following words were used the most you will find them used very regularly* Blood (e.g. Scene Act 1 Scene IIII, when Macbeth says It will have blood they say, blood will have blood Stones have been known to move and trees to speak Augurs and understood relations have, by maggot-pies and choughs and rooks brought forth The secret man of blood. What is the night)* Fear (e.g. Scene Act 1 Scene IIII, when Macbeth says When mine is blanched with fear.)* Sleep (e.g. Scene Act 1 Scene III, when the 1st witch says I myself have all the other, and the very ports they blow, all the quarters that they know Ith shipmans card. I will drain him dry as hay Sleep shall neither night or day)* Night (e.g. Scene Act 1 Scene III, same as Sleep)* Done (e.g. Scene Act 1 Scene III, when Ross says Ill see it done)* Man (e.g. Scene Act IV Scene III, when Malcolm says Dispute it like a man)* Time (e.g. Scene Act 1 Scene III, when Banquo says If you can look through the seeds of time)My final evaluation on the dramatisation of Macbeth using language is that Shakespeare is a great master of English because of his different ideas to portray many things. This is a good thing because it adds more effect to the play and dramatises it causing more interest and depth to it in the way that every idea has a particular significance within the play.Portrayal Through physiological MethodsIn Macbeth one of the most significant things that Shakespeare uses is Imagery. Macbeth is rich in imagery. Imagery conveys ideas with such emotion and drama and that it is one of the special things about Macbeth. There are many ways in which Macbeth was dramatised through imagery these are some of them* Portrayal Through Darkness and LightIt was used because its a simple to do method, which dramatises the play. The main ways it was used was to define good from evil. For example, in a Macbeth play that we watched we s aw that when king Duncan was shown the lights were so bright that you could tell that it was the way it is to represent extreme good even holiness. When the witches showed up on the scene the stage would turn very dark that the only thing that you could see was their dirty eyes representing the extreme no good, the evil. The contrast between the witches and King Duncan shows that light and darkness imagery can be very dramatic.One interesting way of using light imagery was to gradually decrease the amount of light given to Macbeth himself. This is because as we know Macbeths character starts to fade away and so does the light just to remind us of this and make it more dramatic and effective. You can understand through light and darkness if something bad is passing game to overstep or something good. If the stage turn all dark and nothing happens you know something is going to happen. If the stage turns all bright with light you know that something good is going to happen. This id ea of having different contrast of light before each scene can tell you weather this scene contains the theme of good or evil is actually a very good idea because its like a prophecy about to be fulfilled and this creates a very dramatic effect. Also the words of light and darkness are used in Macbeth, dark night strangles the travelling lamp or even more dramatic is Come, thick night.* Portrayal Through ClothesShakespeare had many ideas to do with dramatising using clothes. One of his most famous one is his reference to the throne of Scotland dresses him in borrowed robes. Basically illustrating the theme of deception in a silent but dramatic way. Shakespeare excessively likes to mix different subjects or irrelevant subjects in to the issue using imagery.* Acting and Theatre, (a poor player)* Eyes, (the eye of childhood)* Hunting and Sport, (bear-like I must fight the curse)* Hands, (with these pass bys neer be clean)This kind of imagery again adds more depth to the play making i t more interesting and more dramatic by making the viewer think about what is Shakespeare trying to represent with his language and thoughts. Speaking of thoughts, Shakespeare liked to involve community in Macbeth.* Portrayal Through Feasting And hospitalityHe involved the image of community in Macbeth using Hospitality and Feasting. Eating together is a sign of friendship and community. Macbeths disrupted paste represents his moral illusion in to evil and darkness, which took him away to another level, just like how the banquet changed from a friendly level to an embarrassment.* Portrayal Through AnimalsThroughout Macbeth there are many references to animals. Especially when Shakespeare trys to explain something that is mystical and fearful. This creates the perfect atmosphere for the evil characters to act in to create a dramatic experience for the viewer just like the cauldron scene. Also Shakespeare likes to use birds like robins to represent happiness because of their singing. The owl is used also to create the idea of darkness, the owl only comes out in the dark and so does Macbeth.* Portrayal Through Babies And ChildrenThroughout Macbeth there are many references to vulnerability and innocence. This way was very successfully done through babies and children. This is because children cannot take actions and cannot prevent them either this makes them innocent. The most dramatic example in Macbeth of this dramatisation technique was when Macduffs family were killed. His son was so young and innocent that Shakespeare showed us this by his lack of knowledge, the poor boy didnt even know what a traitor was.* SON (was my male parent a traitor, mother?)* maam MACDUFF (Ay, that he was)* SON (What is a traitor?)* LADY MACDUFF (Why, one that swears and lies.)* SON (And be all traitors, that do so?)* LADY MACDUFF (Every one.)* SON (Who must hang them?)* LADY MACDUFF (Why, honest men.)We can see from the extract conversation between the mother and child that Shak espeare intends to break peoples police van and make them give sympathy toward this poor boy, who doesnt even know what a traitor is.* Other PortrayalsShakespeare tended to use a lot of violence in his stories violence of course refers to blood. He tended to use blood because it is so significant in the way that it is precious and there is lots of it. Blood can also be represented as a word to explain something with heart to it because it is so important to you and you are mentioning it.Sleep is a common technique used in Macbeth in order to dramatise the fact that Macbeth himself cannot get sleep anymore because of his filthy deeds, and Lady Macbeth sleepwalks while pretending to wash and scrub her hand as if she is washing her deeds away, but still she rubs as if its not going away, the blood stains. This kind of technique really does dramatise it in way that again causes interest towards the audience.ConclusionTo conclude I think I will say that Shakespeare is a great writer who was very inventive and significant in the way that he uses different techniques to dramatise anything. When I say dramatise I mean that he made something more hyperbolize in the way that you understand it more and it appeals to you more. Macbeth is very rich in dramatisation because thats what makes a good story, if its full of ideas which appeal more by having more depth in to it than usual, then you get more people watching your play because its more than the usual. People will ceaselessly want something more. And thats what Shakespeare gave them and he did it well.

Teenager’s Lifestyle

Teenagers lifestyle Nowadays, teenagers have changed in comparison with the teens in the past, taking into account consume habits, an active way of life, spending free time and clothes. They are a technology generation. For teens in nowadayss world mobile phones, internet, music, movies, television and video games are really important. Most teenagers prefer watching TV and playing computer games to reading books. They dont like reading because watching TV is easier and they dont have to use their own imagination. Computer games teach but they are likewise harmful to health.Teenagers prefer to spend free time in presence of a computer rather than to walk, play football or go to a swimming pool. Moreover, games transfer them into the world which doesnt exist. It is very exciting for the youth. They consider with friends in such places as McDonalds. Teens eat there caseous food. They eat too much fast food. Every teenager needs a match diet, appropriate personal hygiene and fle shly activities in the fresh air, for example, playing a ball, going running, swimming, driving on the bicycle, playing in tennis or walking.This should be for them more interesting than sitting for hours in front of a computer or TV because such a mode of life leads to the betterment of mood, health and physical shape.. childly people choose less healthy kinds of entertainment than sport, putting away bicycles in the corner. They eat too much fast, unhealthy food, which is very fatty and drink too many sugary drinks. This leads to obesity. However, nowadays young people, especially girls, allow themselves to grow fat, or torture themselves with diets, which leads to discordant diseases with physical basis like anorexia and bulimia.Young people must not give up food, especially breakfasts because skipping breakfast is a prevalent cause of fainting which can cause frequent complications and even leads to death. It is crucial to limit the amount they eat, but only in a reasonable way, if at all possible after the consultation with the dietician. Young people have to remember, that a healthy lifestyle requires appropriate nourishment, but they also must not forget about personal hygiene.Personal hygiene plays a very important role in healthy lifestyle. It should be an indispensable element in the life of every young man. Its task is the maintenance and beef up of health. Notable part of young people think that taking a shower once a week, wearing sweaty clothes and splashing over them with a deodorant is proper, but it is not. For example, before a young man goes to bed, he should develop a habit of not being able to fall slumbery without having a bath first.Everyday toilet will prevent skin diseases as complexion of every person requires systematic nurturing washing in soft water, abrasion, creaming and defend before diseases. Therefore personal hygiene institutes an important part of healthy lifestyle and it cannot be skipped, just like physical activit y. Physical activity has a large influence on young people lifestyle. Physical activity improves health condition in various ways. It helps the organism to utilize the calories better, which helps to maintain a desirable weight.Physical activity reduces the appetite and helps in the reduction of the fatty mass of the system. The beneficial influence of physical activity on health mood does not raise any doubts any more. The research reveals that regular training among the youth( and not only, but also by people at any age) is an important ingredient improving the health. However, too little popularity of psychical activities among the young people is a huge problem. It is a frequent and more and more general problem and causes various diseases such as heart failure, lungs deficiency, spine problems etc.Here is a list of advantages of physical activity reduces the risk of heart diseases protects before the osteoporosis, burning the calorie intensifies, favours the masses of the body to lowering and maintenance of the desirable weight, leads to the growth of the basic transformation of the matter, reduces the appetite helps in the reduction of the fatty mass of the body. Thanks to these useful tips, we can slowly build the whole strategy of the healthy lifestyle in order to effectively fight with overweight and obesity.To get rid the excess of fat, we can run different kinds of the sport, depending for age, sex or interests. However you should remember about warning of several principles so that our effort brings desirable results and does not harm our health. Another view worth mentioning is communication via the Internet, especially instant messaging, has become an essential feature of teens social lives. Teenagers say, that this can be very helpful to communicate, learn and can be fun.Through the Internet they can download music and other files and play on-line games, for example, with their real or virtual friends. What is more, cellulars are ver y popular among teenagers and can be used to do a lot of things we can communicate with friends using them, have a nice time playing games, listen to music and also watch films. For a lot of young people mobile phones are indispensable and they simply cannot imagine life without them. Teenagers clothes in the twenty-first deoxycytidine monophosphate have also changed a lot.The clothes they wear depend on current trends since it is important to follow fashion. School uniforms arent so popular today like in the past. Girls more often wear jeans than skirts, boys wear wide sweatshirts and trousers. The fact is that nowadays teens get dressed in clothes which are leisurely for them. All in all, it can be stated that the lifestyle of teenagers depends on many factors. It is connected with the constant development which is taking place and as a result is different from the lifestyle of young people in the past.Every young man should lead a healthy lifestyle independently of age or inter ests. This should be one of the things that you do every single day. According to many scholars that is the liability of every man, and everyone should try to take the advantage of this life the best he or she can. Young people should be aware of positive influence of healthy lifestyle on health and mood. This in effect would give them better results in studying and what is more important they would be pleased with good health much longer.

Behavioral Management

Today most(prenominal) of the organizations are struggling to provide the employees a vivid and transparent steering to achieve individual success, just because they avoid prospects to evaluate their behaviors. This situation raise antithetical questions of what procedures to follow and what necessary measures have to be taken to be prominent and what parameters must be set to carry on with routine rent outs in a smooth and efficient manner.For example, mutual discussions with the employees to run a risk out their prospective and to know how they conceive given directions play key role to move ahead in any task professionally.In numerous organizations, employees heart difficulty to declare friendly relation with their superiors or managers. They could not explain their intentions, although most of them want to be an outstanding performer but either their job task does not match their capability or some times their performances can not be recognized by their old geezeres. Even though in some cases, if they would succeed to show their performances and efficiency before their superiors, the heed then, behaves like an ordinary manner, which causes depression among the field of studyers eventually make them de-motivated.Its easier to sell something to a group which has already invested in the product. Codes of conduct are an important first step to managing ethics in your workplace. (Priest, 1999) Many employees even dont have any cognition about what management expects from them unless there are being told by their bosses to make them active and self-accountable. Most employees come to know about their performance appraisal with minus/worse seniors, when they are given a walking paper. Managers would move into fewer dilemmas, how to manage behaviors of their staff. Employee PerformanceConventional performance management approaches are followed by several organizations based on their nature of businesses and sizes. If employee X and employee Y do their jobs and both have different nature and different ways in which they conceive their as squeezements. But management as a whole carries out similar rules and regulations for every employees and expects that every employee provide behave monotonously. A little consideration of the issue enables us to amount the polish that the execution is not preservative, and a amount of the factors that impress an individuals behavior are not handled directly by case-by-case approach.We are commencing to get the picture that performance is appeared due to the result of work organisation, and all its components, not just every individual employee. Employees impress each others capabilities to do their single job projects. superstar bad fish can spoil the environment of the whole pond similarly a bad employee can actually affect on umpteen others, whereas a nice employee may not only act his/her own work, but also make a helpful hand to the others. The success of work depends upon the attitude towards argument, disagreement or disliking regarding at ones job premises or at home.When the rules of communication would be learnt that how should argue and fight fairly, the confident(p) difference can be seen in the relationships and others recognize the same in a friendly manner. It is even more significant if there is an appropriate crosstie between supervisor or manager and staff member to increase behavioral skills and develop teamwork. One way of imagining this is that as the staff member whole shebang for the boss, the boss also works for them.In realistic terms, that possibly mean creating and getting resources so the employee can be successful, driving out barriers, treating troubles directly handled by the boss but not influence-able by employee, etc. It is called bi-directional influence. Barriers In Behavioral guidance There are some unintelligent things that Managers do and they much destroy individual-behavior-evaluation-system. broadly they take help from A dmin. or H. R. De divergement in preparing the appraisal of the employee, that situation destroys the worth of performance evaluation procedure. Some negative approach between management and employee as under Untrained Managers In The Course When a case for misbehavior or unethical attitude of employees is sent to the manager of touch on department, the concerned manager does not take such cases on a professional ground. Upon shouting of the evidences, the managers often take wrong decisions based on no indistinct research and just listening to other employees. Although no hard data support allegations of malicious behavior by laid-off workers, we can speculate that having management personnel accompany laid-off workers to their workstations and then escort them off the premises may provide a certain degree of protection against reprisals. (Lewis, 2004) This situation often creates an unhealthy behavioral environment and employees to not take assignments willingly. Managers requir e a thorough training about the appraisal and its importance within the organization. In absence seizure of this awareness, one gets an empty paper pursue. It seeks to guide managers as they try to behave ethically and socially responsibly, without jeopardizing their careers or companies. (Schminke, 1998) Untrained Employees It is essential to train employees in their part of the appraisal course because it only works when both employee and manager work jointly, in affiliation.Both employee and manager require grasping the same realizing bout the purpose of qualification appraisal, about its preparation and anticipations from them. We have chosen to use face-to-face training because we can model behaviors and have our participants practice, review and practice again. (Tyler, 2008) One cause managers hold water in respect of preparation appraisals is that believe it as dissipate of time even dont care to see the points, mentioned in the said forms. Unluckily, most organizations c onsider its only an inquiry of dictating, screaming or supplicating managers to get them completed.If the managers sense the forms are beneficial, they must do them. There is only way to get them done is to make them beneficial. One-Sided approach Consider the problem for management if each and every manager employed a different form, or different procedure, how would it be kept on one track and organized the same. Problem is that the management anticipates managers to employ a single instrument for every one, frequently a rating form. This sort of rigidity deals with lodging problems. Unluckily, management gets trapped with the stipulations of acquiring appraisals prepared by managers.Possibly it is not their liability but it is a firm sign that the prevailing system is unsuccessful. Without a people-based information management system to acknowledge and support the interrelatedness of all areas of behavioral risk, the movement from internal to external models will continue. (Joh nson, 2004) Every manager is evaluated on a number of things in an appropriately operating organism, one of that would be accomplishment of the functioning management and appraisal process. The obligation stands with the management.If the responsibility is not driven out by the manager, the concerned boss ought to be assessing the manager. Conclusion Whilst grading may appear to afford an accusative way of assessing, the grading themselves is only as better as the standards employed to enhance behaviors of employees. They could be misleading, seeming to appear that there is a purpose valid assessment process in progress, in real, it does not happen. The worth of an employee regarding equal standing with another in the group is immaterial to the progress of any organism.It doesnt make any difference that whether a folk is the most excellent or the most horrible towards the job, the only matter is his/her complete involvement to the objectives of the organization. The grading system c an ruin the morale and faith of an organization, with the reason it is too hard to grade objectively, and employees almost disagree with such kind of grading. The cause is that many of employees conceptualise that they are well above average in work efficiency. References Lewis, Gerald. (2004). A subtle form of workplace hostility. The Journal of Employee Assistance. April edition.Kalinoski, Glenn J. (2005). HR firm finds niche in leadership. Westchester County Business Journal. October edition. Johnson, Robert B. (2004). Behavioral risk a systemic approach The Journal of Employee Assistance. September edition. Priest, Jim T. (1999). Managing business ethics. The Journal Record. Oklahoma City. January 15th. Schminke, Marshall. (1998). Managerial Ethics Moral Management of People and Processes. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Tyler, Kathryn. (2008). Generation gaps millennials may be out of touch with the basics of workplace behavior. HR Magazine. January edition.

Social media and the elderly

There is much research which indicates that sociable media makes it easier to interact with there people, to find people with similar interests, and to keep in touch with those whom one already knows. However, there is nearly just as much research which indicates the opposite -? that fond media serves to disconnect one from ones friends, that it creates well-disposed isolation, and that it ca workouts frivolous interactions. Adding to the difficulties in reaching a clear conclusion about this matter is the fact that many, if non most of the studies about the effects of kind media on friendships and social interactions have been done on the young.Even for studies about the young, it is not entirely retain if a broader social network encourages adoption of social media, or if adoption of social media encourages a broader social network. Judging from what is known about other differences between older people and young people, it is quite likely that the ways in which they make use of social media will also signifi flush toilettly differ. Among other things, it is known that older people atomic number 18 usually later adopters of technology than are young people. new(prenominal) things are known about social media usage regardless(prenominal) Of age.In particular, social media has a very different effect on ones local social networks than it does on those at a regional or national level. Social Media A number of different researchers have run aground contradictory results about the effects of social media usage on older people. For instance, some studies have found that using Faceable increases weak social ties at the expense of stronger ties, while other studies have found that that does not occur. The studies which found no effect also found a relationship between the quality of in-person friendships and the use of instant messaging on social networking sites.Additionally, other differences were seen among users of social media. For instance, for those a dopters of social networking who had high social irises, their number of friends increased faster than did the number of friends of those who had smaller social circles. Users of social networking sites were also less likely to ask their neighbors for help Social Networking and Mental Health In Older Adults Up to this point, there have not been very many studies of how use of social networking effects the mental and emotional health of older adults.A number of studies have found that large circles of friends is strongly associated with increased cognitive performance in older adults, while depression is strongly connected to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Because of this, there is a good possibility that using social networking can stave get rid of depression because it can give people a greater number of social contacts. There is also some evidence that the use of social networking can help older adults to improve their cognitive performance and overall quality of life. Thi s is because social networking increases social capital.Other studies have confirmed this and found that social networking in itself does not have any positive or negative effect on older adults. Rather, the way in which social networking is used plays a strong section in determining what effect it will have n an older persons quality of life some people use social networking as a way to compensate for otherwise-inadequate networks of friends, while other people use it to actively keep in touch with people they know. Making Social Networking Accessible wiz of the areas which the above studies have neglected is accessibility.Older people often suffer from poorer vision and other problems. Many, if not most, social media websites are numbered for young and middle-aged adults. These designs are often not conducive to older people gaining as much as possible from their use of these sites. Chaos, Lair and Lie conducted a duty of how social networking can be made more accessible to ol der people. They found that many of these sites had been designed without older people in mind and thus did not incorporate several design principles that they found to be important.These principles included using contrasting colors, making sure that interfaces were relatively simple and intuitive, and excluding extraneous information whenever possible. They found, that if these design principles were followed, then it is likely that the satisfaction which elderly people gain from using these sites would increase significantly. Conclusion Currently, there is no consensus on how social media affects the elderly. However, there is a lot of data that suggests two possible conclusions. The first possible conclusion is that using social media either has no effect on older adults or a very mild negative effect.

An Event in Your Life

Chapter 1 The Bertolini Summary We open in Florence at the Pension Bertolini, a pension for British travelers. YoungLucy H iodinychurchand her cousin,Charlotte bartlett, ar bemoaning the little rooms that they have been given. They were promised rooms with views. The two women sit at dinner in their pension, along with the opposite guests. Lucy is disappointed because the pension hostess has turned bulge out to be British, and the decor of the pension appears lifted right out of a room in London. While drop off bartlett and Lucy talk, an old man interrupts them to suppose them that his room has a nice view. The man isMr.Emerson he introduces his son,George Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers Miss bartlett pear and Lucy a room swap. The men entrust take the rooms over the courtyard, and Lucy and Charlotte leave behind take the more pleasant rooms that have views. Miss Bartlett is horrified by the offer, and refuses to accept she begins to ignore the Emersons and resolves to switch pensions the next day. Just thus,Mr. Beebe, a clergyman that Lucy and Charlotte know from England, enters. Lucy is delighted to meet someone she knows, and she shows it now that Mr. Beebe is here, they must stay at the Pension Bertolini. Lucy has heard in letters from her mother that Mr.Beebe has still accepted a position at the parish of Summer Street, the parish of which Lucy is a member. Mr. Beebe and Lucy have a pleasant talk over dinner, in which he gives Lucy advice about the sites of Florence. This holiday is Lucys first time in Florence. Soon, almost everyone at the table is giving Lucy and Miss. Bartlett advice. The torrent of advice signifies the acceptance of Lucy and Miss Bartlett into the good graces of the pension guests Lucy nones that the Emersons are outside of this fold. After the meal, some of the guests move to the drawing room. Miss Bartlett discusses the Emersons with Mr.Beebe Beebe does not have a very high opinion of Mr. Emerson, but he thinks him harmles s, and he believes no harm would have come from Miss Bartlett accepting Mr. Emersons offer. Mr. Emerson is a Socialist, a term that is used by Mr. Beebe and Miss Bartlett with clear disapproval. Miss Bartlett continues to ask Mr. Beebe about what she should have done about the offer, and if she should apologize, until Mr. Beebe becomes annoyed and leaves. An old lady approaches the two women and talks with Miss Bartlett about Mr. Emersons offer. Lucy asks if perhaps there was something beautiful about the offer, even if it was not delicate.Miss Bartlett is puzz lead by the question to her, beauty and delicacy are the like thing. Mr. Beebe returns he has arranged with Mr. Emerson to have the women take the room. Miss Bartlett is not quite sure what to do, but she accepts. She takes the larger room, which was occupied by George, because she does not hope Lucy to be indebted to a young man. She bids Lucy goodnight and inspect her new quarters, and she finds a piece of paper pinned to the washstand that has an enormous note of interrogation scrawled on it. though she feels threatened by it, she saves it for George between two pieces of blotting paper.Chapter Two In Santa Croce with No Baedeker Summary Lucy looks out her window onto the beautiful scene of a Florence morning. Miss Bartlett interrupts her reverie and encourages Lucy to begin her day in the dining room, they argue politely about whether or not Miss Bartlett should accompany Lucy on a second gear of sightseeing. Lucy is eager to go but does not wish to tire her cousin, and Miss Bartlett, though tired, does not want Lucy to go alone. A clever lady, whose induce is Miss lucullan, intercedes. After some discussion, it is agreed that Miss bounteous and Lucy will go out together to the church of Santa Croce.The two women go out, and have a lively (but not too involved) conversation about politics and people they know in England. Suddenly, they are lost. Lucy tries to consult her Baedeker travel guide, but Miss sufficient will have none of it. She takes the guide book away. In their wanderings, they cross the Square of the Annunziata the buildings and sculptures are the most beautiful things Lucy has ever seen, but Miss Lavish drags her forward. The women eventu tout ensembley reach Santa Croce, and Miss Lavish spots Mr. Emerson and George. She does not want to run into them, and seems disgusted by the two men. Lucy defends them.As they reach the steps of the church, Miss Lavish sees someone she knows and rushes off. Lucy waits for a while, but then she sees Miss Lavish wander d suffer the street with her friend and Lucy realizes she has been abandoned. Up align, she goes into Santa Croce alone. The church is cold, and without her Baedeker travel guide Lucy feels unable to right view the many famous works of art housed there. She sees a child hurt his foot on a tomb sculpture and rushes to help him. She then finds herself side-by-side with Mr. Emerson, who is alike helping the child. The childs mother appears and sets the boy on his way.Lucy feels determined to be good to the Emersons scorn the disapproval of the other pension guests. save when Mr. Emerson and George invite her to join forces them in their little tour of the church, she knows that she should be offended by such an invitation. She tries to seem offended, but Mr. Emerson sees immediately that she is trying to behave as she has seen others behave, and tells her so. Strangely, Lucy is not furious about his forwardness but is instead somewhat impressed. She asks to be taken to look at the Giotto frescoes. The trio comes across a tour group, including some tourists from the pension, led by a clergyman namedMr.Eager. Mr. Eager spews commentary on the frescoes, which Mr. Emerson heartily disagrees with he is skeptical of the praise and romanticizing of the past. The clergyman icily leads the group away. Mr. Emerson, worried that he has offended them, rushes off to apologize. George confides in Lucy that his father always has that effect on people. His earnestness and bluntness are repellent to others. Mr. Emerson returns, having been snubbed. Mr. Emerson and Lucy go off to see other works. Mr. Emerson, sincere and earnest, shares his concerns for his son. George is unhappy. Lucy is not sure how to react to this direct and honest talk Mr.Emerson asks her to befriend his son. She is close to his age and Mr. Emerson sense much that is good in the girl. He hopes that these two young people can learn from each other. George is deeply saddened by emotional state itself and the transience of human existence this cerebral sorrow all seems very strange to Lucy. George suddenly approaches them, to tell Lucy that Miss Bartlett is here. Lucy realizes that one of the old women in the tour group must have told Charlotte that Lucy was with the Emersons. When she seems distressed, Mr. Emerson expresses sympathy for her. Lucy becomes cold, and she informs him that she has no need for hi s pity.She goes to join her cousin. Chapter Three Music, Violets, and the Letter S Summary One day after lunch Lucy decides to play the piano. The narrator tells us that Lucy has a grand love for playing she is no genius, but she is talented and warmnessate, always playing on the side of Victory. Mr. Beebe recalls the first time he heard her play, back in England, at Tunbridge Wells. She chose an unusual and intense piece by Beethoven. At the time, Mr. Beebe remarked to someone that if Lucy ever learned to live as she plays, it would be a great event. Now, Mr. Beebe makes the homogeneous remark to Lucy directly.Miss Bartlett and Miss Lavish are out sightseeing, but it is raining hard outside. Lucy asks about Miss Lavishs novel, which is in progress. Lately, Miss Lavish and Miss Bartlett have become close, leaving Lucy feeling like a third wheel. Miss Catharine Alan enters, complimenting Lucys playing. She discusses the impropriety of the Italians with Mr. Beebe, who half-agrees with her in a subtly and playfully mock way. They discuss Miss Lavish, who once wrote a novel but lost the thing in heavy rains. She is working on a new book, set in modern Italy. Miss Alan talks about Miss Lavish first meeting with the Emersons.Mr. Emerson made a comment about acidity of the stomach, trying to be helpful to another pension guest. Miss Lavish was drawn to his directness. She tried to stand up for the Emersons for a while, talking about commerce and how it is the heart of Englands empire. But after dinner, she went into the smoking room with them. A few minutes later, she emerged, silent. No one knows what happened, but since then, Miss Lavish has made no attempt to be friendly to the men. Lucy asks Miss Alan and Mr. Beebe if the Emersons are nice after some discussion, Mr. Beebe gives a qualified yes and Miss Alan a no. Mr.Beebe, though he does not study it, does not approve of the Emersons attempts to befriend Lucy. Mr. Beebe feels badly for the Emersons nonethel ess they are thoroughly isolated at the pension. He silently resolves to organize a group excursion so that everyone will have a good time. Evening comes on and the rain stops. Lucy decides to go out for a walk and enjoy the last bit of daylight. Clearly, Miss Alan disapproves and Mr. Beebe does not approve entirely. But Lucy goes out anyway Mr. Beebe chalks her behavior up to too much Beethoven. Analysis Music and Lucys relationship to her music is one of the novels themes.Mr. Beebes comment becomes the readers hope for Lucy perhaps one day she will play as well as she lives. Forster speaks in this chapters opening pages of musics transcendent abilities. It can be the gift of anyone regardless of social class or education. Through Beebes statement, Forster is suggesting that these qualities also apply to passionate living. To live life well is within the grasp of anyone, despite the prejudices and proprieties of Lucys world. Her choice of unusual Beethoven pieces is indicative of h er passion. She needs more of an outlet than music, but for now her music will have to do.Music puts her in touch with her desires and feelings the passion of Beethoven makes her resolve to go out alone, despite the disapproval of others. Chapter Four Summary Lucy goes out longing for adventure, hoping for something great. She buys some photographs of great artworks at a altercate shop, but remains unsatisfied. She wanders into the Piazza Signoria it is nearing twilight, and the world takes on an aura of unreality. Nearby, she sees two Italians arguing. One of them is struck lightly on the chest he wanders toward Lucy, trying to plead something, and blood trickles from his lips.The light strike was actually a stabbing. A crowd surrounds them and carries the man away. She sees George Emerson, and then the world seems to fall on top of Lucy suddenly, she is with George Emerson, sitting on some steps some distance away. She fainted, and George has carried her here. She thanks George and asks him to fetch her photographs, which she dropped in the square when he leaves to get them, she tries to sneak away. George calls to her and persuades her to sit down. The man who approached her is dead or dying. A crowd surrounds the man, down by the fountain, and George goes to investigate.George returns, and they talk of the murder. They walk back to the pension along the river, and George suddenly tosses something into the water. Lucy angrily demands to know what he threw away, suspecting that they might be her photographs. After some hesitation, George admits that they were. He threw them away because they were covered with blood. At Georges request, they stop for a moment. He feels something incredible has happened, and he wants to figure it out. Leaning over a parapet, Lucy apologizes for her fainting and asks that he not tell anyone at the pension what happened.She realizes that he is not a chivalrous man, meaning he is a stranger to old-fashioned ideas of manners an d propriety, but she also realizes that George is intelligent, trustworthy, and kind. She says that events like the murder happen, and that the witnesses go on living life as usual. George replies that he does not go on living life as usual. Now, he will want to live. Analysis Forster spends the first part of the chapter explaining Lucys character. She is naive, but she has some strength and passion. She is frustrated by the constraints on her gender, but she is also no firebrand by nature.She feels that she should be ladylike, in the old-fashioned sense of the word, but in practice she wants to be more free and adventurous than that go after allows. She feels her emotions most passionately and deeply after she has played piano. Forster often uses the landscape to mirror Lucys mood. After she finished playing the piano, the rain cleared, mirroring Lucys tendency to know her own desires most clearly after playing music. As she wanders into the square, the world seems touched by unre ality. She longs for an adventure, and she is conscious of being in a different place and wanting(p) to see something rule.It is twilight, a transitional time between day and night, and Lucy is about to have a very confusing and important experience. She is rescued by George, and she cannot seem to decide what to think about it. For his part, George is as taciturn and strange as ever. Forster lets us into his characters heads, but with George and Mr. Emerson we have only their outward actions and dialogue. Lucys experience is confusing not only because she watches a man die, but also because she is not sure how to deal with George and how he makes her feel.She recognizes that he is not chivalrous or proper, but she sees commodity in him. She stops by the river and feels somehow comfortable with him, but she nervously asks him not to tell anyone that she fainted and he carried her. For George too, the experience is important. For whatever reason, and in ways that Forster will not a llow us to see directly, he is changed. He tells Lucy that he will not return to life as he lived it before now, he wants to live. The experience has made him appreciate life, perhaps in part because he shared something extraordinary with Lucy.

Issues of Managerial Accounting Essay

Managerial accounting system is concerned with providing entropy to managers that is , people internal an organization who direct or domination its operations. Via managerial accounting managers understood that good business results come from dynamic processes , procedures and practices that are well designed and properly implemented and managed. Certified counselling accountants are qualified to help their fellow managers achieve good business results because they have earned an advanced certification that addresses all important aspects of accounting inside organization.The role management accounts play within organizations supporting decision making , planning , and control. In short , the emphasis in business and the role of accounting should be more intimately doing business rather than tabulating and reporting historical financial results. Now a sidereal days , management accounting plays a precise important role for the success of an organizations. The current and con temporary issues of management accounting in manufacturing and service sector is developing the skills of the manager.Besides , Management accounting information is a useful language to enable better collaboration between engineers, designers, marketers and other parties involved in product development, including suppliers. Managing suppliers is an important element of controlling end product costs, and there are significant benefits to involving them and sharing data and specifications at an early stage of product development. Contemporary issues of management accounting plays an impact over manufacturing sector. received issues help advanced manufacturing techniques (both production technologies such as robotics and management tools such as just-in-time) led to a reducing proportion of costs being accounted for by direct materials and direct labour. Other parts of the value chain therefore become more important than the production line, for example, relationships with suppliers a nd customers. Globalisation has increased the importance of depict chain management, as risk and costs increase with complexity.Management accountants can help develop a strategy to manage suppliers so that they fit in with the companys own lean production methods and pursuit of value added. Management accountants can help companies analyse their value chain in post to understand better where the most value is created and where costs arise. Using techniques such as whole of life costing, this analysis can extend beyond focalize of sale to the customer. Management accounting started as a discipline to support better manufacturing decision making.Although the discipline has evolved to also support service industries and not-for-profit organisations, it has also evolved to discover pace with new developments in manufacturing technology and practices. So we can understand how current issues of management accounting plays an impact in manufacturing sector. We will discuss about few i mportant contemporary and current issues of management accounting and how this issues are helping a organization to gain its goal and to develop day by day. Some contemporary issues of management accounting are TQM (Total quality management) TQM is a set of management practices throughout the organization, geared to ensure the organization systematically meets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement. TQM functions on the premise that the quality of products and processes is the responsibility of everyone who is invoved with the cornerstone or consumption of the products or services offered by an organization. Cross Functional Product Design Cross functional product development is a widely used method for involving different functional areas in new product/process development. This process refers direct labor employees are involved to a big(p) extent in advance introducing new products or m aking product changes. And manufacturing engineers are involved to a great extent before the introduction of new products. And in cross functional product design there is a little involvement of manufacturing and quality people in the early design or products before they reach plant.

The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Three

Elena and Damon were waiting in the darkroom. Stefan could sense their presence in the sm all in all annex as he pushed the door to the photography room open and led flavorless inside.These doors are supposed to be locked, phlegm said as Stefan flipped on the light switch.They were, said Stefan. He didnt hunch over what else to say to prepare Matt for what was coming. Hed never deliberately revealed himself to a human before.He stood, quietly, until Matt turned and looked at him. The classroom was cold and silent, and the air seemed to settle heavily. As the moment stretched kayoed, he saw Matts expression s small(a)ly miscellany from grief-numbed bewilderment to uneasiness.I dont on a lower floorstand, Matt said.I know you dont. He went on t ace at Matt, purposefully dropping the barriers that concealed his Powers from human perception. He saw the reaction in Matts face as uneasiness coalesced into fear. Matt blinked and move his principal sum, his breath coming quicker.Wh at-? he began, his voice gravelly. at that place are probably a lot of things youve wondered approximately me, Stefan said. Why I wear sunglasses in strong light. Why I dont eat. Why my reflexes are so fast.Matt had his defend to the darkroom now. His throat jerked as if he were raiseing to swallow. Stefan, with his predators senses, could hear Matts heart thump dully.No, Matt said.You must have wondered, must have asked yourself what makes me so different from anybody else.No. I remember-I dont care. I musical accompaniment out(a) of things that arent my business. Matt was edging toward the door, his eyeball darting toward it in a barely perceptible movement.Dont, Matt. I dont want to hurt you, but I cant allow you grant now. He could tang barely leashed compulsion emanating from Elena in her concealment. Wait, he told her.Matt went still, giving up any attempt to move outside(a). If you want to scare me, you have, he said in a low voice. What else do you want?Now, St efan told Elena. He said to Matt, Turn around.Matt turned. And stifled a cry.Elena stood there, but not the Elena of that afternoon, when Matt had last seen her. Now her feet were bare infra the hem of her long dress. The thin folds of white muslin that clung to her were caked with ice crystals that sparkled in the light. Her skin, always fair, had a strange wintry luster to it, and her pale gold hair seemed overlaid with a silvery sheen. still the real discrepancy was in her face. Those deep blue eyes were heavy-lidded, almost sleepy looking, and yet unnaturally awake. And a look of ignorant anticipation and hunger curled about her lips. She was more(prenominal) beautiful than she had been in life, but it was a frightening beauty.overlaid with a silvery sheen. nevertheless the real difference was in her face. Those deep blue eyes were heavy-lidded, almost sleepy looking, and yet unnaturally awake. And a look of sensual anticipation and hunger curled about her lips. She was m ore beautiful than she had been in life, but it was a frightening beauty.Matt, she said, lingering over the first consonant of the name. and so she smiled.Stefan heard Matts indrawn breath of disbelief, and the nearly sob he gave as he finally backed away from her.Its all right, he said, sending the thought to Matt on a haste of Power. As Matt jerked toward him, eyes wide with shock, he added, So now you know.Matts expression said that he didnt want to know, and Stefan could see the denial in his face. exactly Damon stepped out beside Elena and moved a little to the right, adding his presence to the charged atmosphere of the room.Matt was surrounded. The three of them closed in on him, inhumanly beautiful, innately menacing.Stefan could smell Matts fear. It was the disoriented fear of the rabbit for the fox, the mouse for the owl. And Matt was right to be afraid. They were the hunting species he was the hunted. Their job in life was to use up him.And just now instincts were ac quiring out of control. Matts instinct was to brat and run, and it was triggering reflexes in Stefans head. When the prey ran, the predator gave chase it was as simple as that. All three of the predators here were keyed up, on edge, and Stefan felt he couldnt be responsible for the consequences if Matt bolted.We dont want to harm you, he told Matt. Its Elena who needs you, and what she needs wont leave you permanently damaged. It doesnt even have to hurt, Matt. further Matts muscles were still tensed to flee, and Stefan realized that the three of them were stalking him, moving closer, ready to thinning off any escape.You said you would do anything for Elena, he reminded Matt desperately and saw him make his choice.Matt released his breath, the tension draining from his body. Youre right I did, he whispered. He visibly braced himself before he continued. What does she need?Elena leaned ahead and put a finger on Matts manage, tracing the yielding ridge of an artery.Not that one, Stefan said quickly. You dont want to kill him. Tell her, Damon. He added, when Damon made no apparent motion to do so, Tell her.Try here, or here. Damon pointed with clinical efficiency, holding Matts chin up. He was strong plenty that Matt couldnt break the grip, and Stefan felt Matts panic surge up again.Trust me, Matt. He moved in behind the human boy. But it has to be your choice, he finished, suddenly washed with compassion. You can change your mind.he finished, suddenly washed with compassion. You can change your mind.Matt, she whispered, her heavy-lashed jewel blue eyes fixed on his. Then they trailed d knowledge to his throat and her lips parted hungrily. There was no sign of the uncertainty shed shown when Damon suggested feeding off the paramedics. Matt. She smiled again, and then she struck, swift as a hunting bird.Stefan put a flattened hand against Matts back to give him support. For a moment, as Elenas teeth pierced his skin, Matt tried to recoil, but Stefan though t swiftly, Dont fight it thats what causes the pain.As Matt tried to relax, unexpected friend came from Elena, who was radiating the warm happy thoughts of a wolf cub being fed. She had gotten the biting technique right on the first try this time, and she was filled with exonerated pride and growing satisfaction as the sharp pangs of hunger eased. And with appreciation for Matt, Stefan realized, with a sudden shock of jealousy. She didnt hate Matt or want to kill him, because he posed no threat to Damon. She was fond of Matt.Stefan let her take as much as was safe and then intervened. Thats enough, Elena. You dont want to injure him. But it took the combined efforts of him, Damon, and a rather groggy Matt to pry her off.She needs to rest now, Damon said. Im taking her someplace where she can do it safely. He wasnt postulation Stefan he was telling him.As they left, his mental voice added, for Stefans ears alone, I havent bury the way you attacked me, brother. Well talk about th at later.Stefan stared after them. Hed noted how Elenas eyes remained locked on Damon, how she followed him without question. But she was out of danger now Matts blood had given her the strength she needed. That was all Stefan had to hang on to, and he told himself it was all that mattered.He turned to take in Matts bleary expression. The human boy had sunk into one of the plastic chairs and was gazing straight ahead.Then his eyes lifted to Stefans, and they regarded each other grimly.So, Matt said. Now I know. He shook his head, turning away slightly. But I still cant believe it, he muttered. His fingers pressed gingerly at the side of his neck, and he winced. Except for this. Then he frowned. That guy-Damon. Who is he?My older brother, Stefan said without emotion. How do you know his name?He was at Elenas house last week. The kitten spat at him. Matt paused, clearly remembering something else. And Bonnie had some kind of psychic fit.She had a precognition? What did she say?She sa id-she said that Death was in the house.Stefan looked at the door Damon and Elena had passed through. She was right.Stefan looked at the door Damon and Elena had passed through. She was right.Be wish well what? Stefan said brutally. Disoriented? A vampire?Matt looked away. Both.As for the first, she may become more rational now that shes fed. Thats what Damon thinks anyway. As for the other, theres only one thing you can do to change her condition. As Matts eyes lit with hope, Stefan continued. You can get a wooden stake and pound sign it through her heart. Then she wont be a vampire anymore. Shell just be dead.Matt got up and went to the window.You wouldnt be killing her, though, because thats already been done. She drowned in the river, Matt. But because shed had enough blood from me-he paused to steady his voice-and, it seems, from my brother, she changed instead of simply dying. She woke up a hunter, like us. Thats what shell be from now on.With his back still turned, Matt ans wered. I always knew there was something about you. I told myself it was just because you were from another country. He shook his head again self-deprecatingly. But deep down I knew it was more than that. And something still unplowed telling me I could trust you, and I did. Like when you went with me to get the vervain.Yeah. Like that. He added, Can you tell me what the hell it was for, now?For Elenas protection. I wanted to keep Damon away from her. But it looks as if thats not what she wanted after all. He couldnt help the bitterness, the raw betrayal, in his voice.Matt turned. Dont judge her before you know all the facts, Stefan. Thats one thing Ive learned.Stefan was startled then, he gave a small humorless smile. As Elenas exes, he and Matt were in the alike(p) position now. He wondered if he would be as gracious about it as Matt had been. Take his defeat like a gentleman.He didnt think so.Outside, a noise had begun. It was silent to human ears, and Stefan almost ignored it-u ntil the words penetrated his consciousness.Then he remembered what he had done in this very school only a few hours ago. Until that moment, hed forgotten all about Tyler Smallwood and his tough friends.Now that memory had returned shame and horror closed his throat. Hed been out of his mind with grief over Elena, and his reason had snapped beneath the pressure. But that was no excuse for what he had done. Were they all dead? Had he, who had sworn so long ago never to kill, killed six people today?Stefan, wait. Where are you leaving? When he didnt answer, Matt followed him, half running to keep up, out of the main school building and onto the blacktop. On the removed side of the field, Mr. Shelby stood by the Quonset hut.Stefan, wait. Where are you overtaking? When he didnt answer, Matt followed him, half running to keep up, out of the main school building and onto the blacktop. On the far side of the field, Mr. Shelby stood by the Quonset hut.It looked like the maladjusted Sla sher room from the Haunted House fundraiser. Except that this was no tableau set up for visitors. This was real.Bodies were sprawled everywhere, amid shards of wood and glass from the shattered window. Every visible surface was spattered with blood, red-brown and sinister as it dried. And one look at the bodies revealed why each one had a pair of livid purple wounds in the neck. Except Carolines her neck was unmarked, but her eyes were blank and staring.Behind Stefan, Matt was hyperventilating. Stefan, Elena didnt-she didnt-Be quiet, Stefan answered tersely. He glanced back at Mr. Shelby, but the janitor had stumbled over to his cart of brooms and mops and was leaning against it. Glass grated under Stefans feet as he crossed the floor to kneel by Tyler.Not dead. Relief exploded over Stefan at the realization. Tylers chest moved feebly, and when Stefan lifted the boys head his eyes opened a slit, glazed and unfocused.You dont remember anything, Stefan told him mentally. Even as he di d it, he wondered why he was bothering. He should just leave Fells Church, cut out now and never come back.But he wouldnt. Not as long as Elena was here.He gathered the unconscious minds of the other victims into his mental grasp and told them the same thing, feeding it deep into their brains. You dont remember who attacked you. The self-colored afternoon is a blank.As he did, he felt his mental Powers tremble like overfatigued muscles. He was close to burnout.Outside, Mr. Shelby had found his voice at last and was shouting. Wearily, Stefan let Tylers head slip back through his fingers to the floor and turned around.Matts lips were peeled back, his nostrils flared, as if he had just smelled something disgusting. His eyes were the eyes of a stranger. Elena didnt, he whispered. You did.Be quiet Stefan pushed past him into the thankful coolness of the night, putting distance between him and that room, olfactory modality the icy air on his hot skin. Running footsteps from the vicinity of the cafeteria told him that some humans had heard the janitors cries at last.You did it, didnt you? Matt had followed Stefan out to the field. His voice said he was trying to understand.Stefan rounded on him. Yes, I did it, he snarled. He stared Matt down, concealing none of the angry menace in his face. I told you, Matt, were hunters. Killers. Youre the sheep were the wolves. And Tyler has been asking for it every day since I came here.Stefan rounded on him. Yes, I did it, he snarled. He stared Matt down, concealing none of the angry menace in his face. I told you, Matt, were hunters. Killers. Youre the sheep were the wolves. And Tyler has been asking for it every day since I came here.Why should I? said Stefan coldly, emptily. Do you regret it when you eat too much steak? Feel sorry for the cow? He saw Matts look of sick disbelief and pressed on, driving the pain in his chest deeper. It was better that Matt stay away from him from now on, far away. Or Matt might end up like th ose bodies in the Quonset hut. I am what I am, Matt. And if you cant handle it, youd better steer clear of me.Matt stared at him a moment longer, the sick disbelief transforming slowly into sick disillusionment. The muscles around his jaw stood out. Then, without a word, he turned on his heel and walked away.Elena was in the graveyard.Damon had left her there, exhorting her to stay until he came back. She didnt want to sit still, though. She felt tired but not really sleepy, and the new blood was affecting her like a jolt of caffeine. She wanted to go exploring.The graveyard was full of activity although there wasnt a human in sight. A fox slunk through the shadows toward the river path. Small rodents tunneled under the long lank grass around the headstones, squeaking and scurrying. A barn owl flew almost silently toward the ruined church, where it alighted on the belfry with an eerie cry.Elena got up and followed it. This was much better than hiding in the grass like a mouse or vol e. She looked around the ruined church interestedly, using her sharpened senses to understand it. Most of the roof had fallen in, and only three walls were standing, but the belfry stood up like a lonely monument in the rubble.At one side was the tomb of Thomas and Honoria Fell, like a large stone box or coffin. Elena gazed earnestly down into the white marble faces of their statues on the lid. They place in tranquil repose, their eyes shut, their hands folded on their breasts. Thomas Fell looked serious and a little stern, but Honoria looked merely sad. Elena thought absently of her own parents, lying side by side down in the modern cemetery.Ill go home thats where Ill go, she thought. She had just remembered about home. She could picture it now her pretty sleeping accommodation with blue curtains and cherrywood furniture and her little fireplace. And something important under the floorboards in the closet.She found her way to Maple Street by instincts that ran deeper than memory , letting her feet guide her there. It was an old, old house, with a hulky front porch and floor-to-ceiling windows in front. Roberts car was parked in the driveway.letting her feet guide her there. It was an old, old house, with a big front porch and floor-to-ceiling windows in front. Roberts car was parked in the driveway.But she wasnt going to be able to get in here without being noticed. A woman was sitting on the bed with Elenas red silk kimono in her lap, staring down at it. Aunt Judith. Robert was standing by the dresser, talking to her. Elena found that she could pick up the murmur of his voice even through the glass. out again tomorrow, he was saying. As long as it doesnt storm. Theyll go over every inch of those woods, and theyll find her, Judith. Youll see. Aunt Judith said nothing, and he went on, sounding more desperate. We cant give up hope, no matter what the girls say-Its no good, Bob. Aunt Judith had raised her head at last, and her eyes were red-rimmed but dry. It s no use.The rescue effort? I wont have you talking that way. He came over to stand beside her.No, not just that although I know, in my heart, that were not going to find her alive. I mean everything. Us. What happened today is our fault-Thats not true. It was a freak accident.Yes, but we made it happen. If we hadnt been so harsh with her, she would never have driven off alone and been caught in the storm. No, Bob, dont try to shut me up I want you to listen. Aunt Judith took a deep breath and continued. It wasnt just today, either. Elenas been having problems for a long time, ever since school started, and somehow Ive let the signs slip right past me. Because Ive been too involved with myself-with us-to pay attention to them. I can see that now. And now that Elenas gone I dont want the same thing to happen with Margaret.What are you saying?Im saying that I cant marry you, not as soon as we planned. Maybe not ever. Without looking at him, she spoke softly.Margaret has lost too much already. I dont want her to feel shes losing me, too.She wont be losing you. If anything, shell be gaining someone, because Ill be here more often. You know how I feel about her.Im sorry, Bob I just dont see it that way.You cant be serious. After all the time Ive spent here-after all Ive doneAunt Judiths voice was utter and implacable. I am serious.From her perch outside the window, Elena eyed Robert curiously. A vein throbbed in his forehead, and his face had flushed red.No, I wont.You dont mean it-I do mean it. Dont tell me that Im going to change my mind, because Im not.For an instant, Robert looked around in helpless frustration then, his expression darkened. When he spoke, his voice was flat and cold. I see. Well, if thats your final answer, Id better leave right now.Bob. Aunt Judith turned, startled, but he was already outside the door. She stood up, wavering, as if she were unsure whether or not to go after him. Her fingers kneaded at the red cloth she was holding. Bob she called again, more urgently, and she turned to drop the kimono on Elenas bed before following him.But as she turned she gasped, a hand flying to her mouth. Her whole body stiffened. Her eyes stared into Elenas through the silvery pane of glass. For a long moment, they stared at each other that way, neither moving. Then Aunt Judiths hand came away from her mouth, and she began to shriek.

The “math wars”

Aside from the requisites of medicate manufacturing, a drug company essential alike have the k right offledge on the legal facial gesture of the pharmaceutical business. A company must be able to know what agencies of the government he has to seek advice from before it undergoes the manufacturing military operation in put in to have a good start.Relative to this, the company needs to know which regulates the prophylacticty and efficacy of the drugs to be construct and which agency protects the rights of the manufacturer and the consumers against illicit drugs.This paper for give-up the ghost discuss the fundamental responsibilities of the Food and do drugs presidential term and the drug Enforcement Agency including the approval wait on of manufacturing a generic wine wine drug likeness. FOOD AND DRUG brass section AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES The Food and dose Administration (FDA) is gener eveningry(prenominal)y responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of all drugs for human and vet use.FDAs 1mission severalizement specifically states that the administration is responsible for protecting the public health by guarantee the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical checkup devices, our nations food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. This allow then give us the idea why FDA need to regulate drugs, and that is to ensure that they argon safe and sound. The administration is also held responsible for ensuring that the drugs have information that is honest and blameless for the general public to use.The drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) (do drugs Enforcement Administration for the joined States) is primarily responsible for the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Laws and Regulations. In the United States, DEA is under the wing of the discussion section of reasonableice, where it serves as an arm of the justice against the 2those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of imageled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States. The DEAs drugs of concern include Cocaine, marijuana, heroin, inhalants, LSD, Ecstasy, Steroids, Oxycontin and Methamphetamine.The next list of specific responsibilities is adopted by this writer from the DEAs official website Investigation and preparation for the prosecution of major(ip) violators of controlled substance laws operating at interstate and international levels. Investigation and preparation for prosecution of criminals and drug gangs who perpetrate force out in our communities and terrorize citizens through fear and intimidation. Management of a national drug intelligence program in cooperation with federal, state, local, and foreign officials to collect, analyze, and disseminate strategic and operational drug intelligence information.Seizure and forfeiture of assets derived from, traceable to, or intend to be used for illicit drug trafficking. Enforcement of the provisions of the Controlled Substances Act as they pertain to the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legally produced controlled substances. Coordination and cooperation with federal, state and local law enforcement officials on mutual drug enforcement efforts and enhancement of such efforts through exploitation of capability interstate and international investigations beyond local or limited federal jurisdictions and resources.Coordination and cooperation with federal, state, and local agencies, and with foreign governments, in programs designed to reduce the availability of illicit abuse-type drugs on the United States market through nonenforcement methods such as crop eradication, crop substitution, and training of foreign officials. Responsibility, under the policy guidance of the Secretary of State and U. S. Ambassadors, for all programs associated with drug law enforcement counterparts in foreign countries.L iaison with the United Nations, Interpol, and other organizations on matters relating to international drug control programs. DEAS PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS Drug Enforcement Agency also updates its programs and operations according to the demand of technology and the organic evolution of impertinent methods of illicit drug operations. Recent report publish in the KT4 Online alerted the public on the result of illegitimate websites that are bringing ethical drug drugs out into the market (KT4 Online, heroic 24, 2007).The DEA reported that such websites are able to market their products using just credit cards as payment modes. The agency now referred the so-called rogue pharmacies to the congress for the legislation of a more formidable law for such illegal and risk of infectionous activities, which are set be acquire such companies do not meet the standards set by the United States. Even medicinal or herbal plants that are not yet studied or regulated under the law is also un der the responsibility of the DEA to study and made research relative to its danger in the human health.In Utah, a native plant called salvia divinorium, has been put into attention by the agglomerate Air Force Base which according to initial findings can cause hallucinations. In the report published in the Salt Lake Tribune, magic mint as its street name, is ingested or inhaled usually by the members of the war machine and the people inside the base (Salt Lake Tribune, imperious 20, 2007). The herbal plant is legato legal as it is still under research by the DEA. Experts also say that the plant that grows in the wilds of Utah can cause lung irritation when its dried leaves are inhaled.LAWS AND POLICIES GOVERNING GENERIC DRUGS The regulations pertaining to generics drugs are under the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration. Under the law, pharmaceutical companies or drug manufacturers have all the right to apply for a generic copy of their ticked drugs. It can also be that a manufacturer seeks for a license from the brand name company to make a generic copy of the branded product. A generic copy of the drug is called authorized generics because the branded product manufacturer had given the authority to the manufacturer of the generic drug copy. withal, these generic copied have to undergo the legal march that is regulated by the FDA. It is the Drug Price contention and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly referred to as the Waxman-Hatch Act, which is being used as a legal basis for FDA for regulating generic drug copies. Since the law was enacted over 23 years ago, the morsel of generic manufacturers and number of generic drug products on the market have expanded exponentially (Coster, tush M. 2007). The law allows a generic drug that is a generic copy of the pioneer drug to be approved by FDA to be marketed by the same company.This is even without the submission of the usual New Drug Application (NDA) that is submitted in full wh en a branded product is being applied for merc bookising. The NDA is usually a era-consuming and expensive clinical trials required to be done by the drug manufacturer in order to comply with the safety and efficacy standards required of them. With the Waxman-Hatch Act, NDA is being replaced with the submission of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) provided that the generic copy has demonstrated the fact that it is bio eq to the pioneer drug (J.Coster, The Pharmacist, Vol. 32, No. 6, 2007). This process allows the generic copy to be approved for marketing the easier and faster way because it does not to prove its safety and long suit through trials since the pioneer drug had already proven such. For the ANDA of the generic drug to be approved, its pioneer drug must have the four required certifications (1) that no patent is listed for the pioneer drug (2) that the patent has expire (3) the date on which the patent will expire or (4) that the patent is invalid or not infringe d.Such information is listed in the FDAs Orange Book, a reference for the pharmacists in determining the interchangeability of the drugs. Just recently, the Waxman-Hatch Act has been replaced with 3McCain-Schumer Act, after its authors Senators John McCain and Charles E. Schumer. The main feature of the new act is the changing of the 180-day exclusivity term of the origin generic drug copy to only the 30-day term. Exclusivity, in the old law is granted for the manufacturer of the generic drug to market the product exclusively deep down 180 days that is for the manufacturer who first secured the FDAs approval of the generic copy.With the new law, exclusivity term is shortened for the purpose of further price reduction of the generic drugs as competition is encouraged after the 30-day term. It is estimated, according to Schumers study that the new law will enable consumers to save 60% of their usual expense when buying branded drugs and that will give consumers a total of $71 billio n savings in 10 years (Bash, Dana, CNN Online, May 01, 2001). Schumer cited Claritin, a prescription allergy drug as example which costs an average of $63. 65 while its generic equivalent will only cost $25. 46.Generally, the new law is of great help for the Americans in terms of their medical expenditures. CONCLUSION By looking into the basic responsibilities and functions of the FDA and DEA, we were able to have an idea of the basic legal aspect of drug manufacturing and marketing. Also by having an overview of the laws governing generic copy manufacturing, we were able to have the basic intimacy of how the approval process rolls. In general we can conclude that the legal process of drug manufacturing and marketing is really a long and expensive process for the companies especially for the branded or patented drugs.However with the Schumer-McCain Act, the process is shortened and had benefited especially the consumers for enabling the cheaper version of their branded medicine to be marketed. REFERENCES 1FDAs Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http//www. fda. gov/opacom/morechoices/mission. hypertext mark-up language 2DEA Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http//www. usdoj. gov/dea/agency/mission. htm 3Senate Passes Ground-Breaking Schumer-McCain Generic Drug Bill (Press Release). July 31, 2002. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http//schumer. senate. gov/SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR01124.html Bash, Dana. McCain, Schumer introduce generic drug bill. CNN Online. May 01, 2001. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http//archives. cnn. com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/05/01/senate. genericdrugs/index. html Coster, John M. The Waxman-Hatch Generic Drug Law 23 Years Later. The Pharmacist. June 19, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 6 Griffith, Christopher, et. al. (2002). View from Washington Senate approves changes in generic-drug approval. Leydig, Voit Mayer, Ltd. Report. October 2002. garishness 3 Issue 4 Colonel bans use of magic mint herb. Salt Lake Tribune. August 20, 2007. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http//www.sltrib. com/ parole/ci_6668009 Federal Authorities Warn Against Online Rogue Pharmacies. KT4 Online. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http//www. ktiv. com/News/index. php? ID=16295 What FDA Regulates. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http//www. fda. gov/comments/regs. html There has always been a debate on whether the maths be taught should be the old bedrock or the standards reformed mathematics. Basic mathematics primarily comprises arithmetic and numeration. This is just simple mathematics which involves solution simple equation and memorizing formulas.Basic mathematic also comprises the following list t o f items. There is the accurate counting to 100 or more, mastery of basic facts for all four operations, pencil and paper computation skills with hole numbers, decimals and fractions and solving percent problems. Other aspect includes the knowing and using formulas for area and perimeter of b asic shapes. Though the above list is a bit simplified its basic position is that kids only get to know slightly basic stuff. Basic mathematics can also be referred to as piffling pursuit mathematics meaning that children are to know the content not the practicability (John, 1999).On the other hand reform mathematics has higher level of difficulty and has set five goals. These are that bookmans should value mathematics, be confident in the ability to do mathematics and become mathematics problem solvers. They should as nearly be able to communicate well mathematically and learn to reason mathematically. It involves the four basic process standards which are problem solving, communication, reasoning, and connections. It entails gearing the children to make the ability to think than just memorizing the mathematics concepts.Those who believe in the reform mathematics talk most mathematical power, the ability to reason and solve unique problems (John, 1999). It is Copernican to no te that even if the two approaches appear to differ there are round things they share in. Benefits and demerits of fundamentals Basic mathematics requires teacher centered approach which involves teaching the mathematics through drill and practice. However in this way the children can end up not being intrinsically motivated. This prevents them from acquire mathematics facts and how to connect to the real world.Furthermore the approach is essentially teacher directed, and structured only for basic skills instructions. This approach comes with advantages and disadvantages as far as basic mathematics teaching is concerned. One of the advantages is that, it is clear that for schooling to be effective there must be a knowledge source and this is what the teacher act as. The teachers have bring home the bacon their unifications and giftedise from colleges and universities to become experts in their fields. In this reasoning its convenient to involve to someone who is already an exp ertise in the field to impart that knowledge in the scholarly persons.For example according to Kelly, if the disciples have a question on atopic raised by the text book, the teacher is present ton as the expert to answer the question (Kelly, 2004). Other benefits include good planning and execution of knowledge passing process and good discipline. The disadvantage of this style is that no one can predict which parts of the information the student has learned will eventually become obsolete or incorrect, what the student will forget, or what new information he will need to know in the future (Howard, 1980).Furthermore according to Howard in some cases the students can obtain a false security if they believe that, once information ins dispensed and a cognitive framework provide the student will incorporate the information, recognize where and when it could and should be applied when time comes. One great disadvantages of this method is that a strong investment in the style can runn ing to rigid, standardized, and less flexible ways of managing students and their concerns (Howard, 1908). This acts as huge impediment to development and self discovery within the student.This huge impediment has been seen as the greatest drawback for this style of administering knowledge. The benefits and demerits of reform mathematics style According the student center online answers, the outperform approach of teaching mathematics should stress active, student centered learning in real life context (student center). This may help in making the concepts more understandable and interesting. This therefrom calls for the student knowing the crafts before they can apply them and that is where the basic mathematics comes handy. The reform mathematics takes the student centered approach of learning.This involves instructions where by the students actively create knowledge for themselves. It consists of group learning, inquiry, and humanistic learning activities (student center). Thi s method has additional advantages both to the student and the teacher some which are enlisted below. To begin with the student would develop learning and knowledge that will help them throughout their life. In this method students always discover that learning is fun and interesting. Furthermore, through this method teachers always have less traditional work. This is more prominent in the upper class levels where the students are mature enough.The student gets to be more attentive and willing to accede in the class activities. In this way there is a reduction in the number of complaints about fairness and unequal treatment. When student carry out research and group works they generate a lot of information that the teacher may add to his collection of information. However this method also comes with some disadvantages. It poses a problem when it comes to evaluation in that this has to be individualized. Providing one test for the whole class has to be abandoned. Every student has t o be evaluated based on his or her goals.One other big disadvantage of this method is that there some student who do not relate well with it in spite the teachers best efforts. Such scenario is always more prevalent in the lower classes levels even though it can also be found in the upper classes. The other demerit is that the students always have to work in groups. There occur complaints about being put in teams. However the complaints get to seize as the student get to understand that it is what the real world is like. Under some circumstances student may find it hard to work in teams since most of them have never had the experience of team work. ConclusionIt is big to note for the reformed mathematics, the fact that it takes the student centered learning method gives it an upper hand as method of teaching mathematics. In fact students do appreciate the real world experience eve when they do not like them that much (daymalyn, 2009). This is therefore more appropriate and practica l than the basics math which would d lead to rigidity and less development of the kids as well as new packaging in the mathematics fields. References Howard S & Robyn M. (1980), Problem Based Learning An Approach to Medical Education, Springer issue Company, ISBN 0826128416, 9780826128416.Daymalyn (2009), Disadvantages and disadvantages of student center learning, Accessed on August 7, 2010, from http//wwwemmalynombayan-daymalyn. blogspot. com/2009/09/advantages-and- disadvantages-of-student. html John A. (1999), Reform Mathematics Vs. The Basics correspondence the Conflict and Dealing with It Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http//mathematicallysane. com/analysis/reformvsbasics. asp Kelly K. (2004), the Math Wars, a Short Analysis, Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http//www. newfoundations. com/ConAnalysis/KellyMathWars. html Student center, Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http//www. abacon. com/woolfolk7/faq. html