Discuss the view that the influence of religion on UK society is declining

The UK is lucky to build much(prenominal) a vibrant, diverse and accomplished population from migrants that provoke entered our sm altogether islands from the past few thousand years. provided each term they make Britain thither home, they bring there sacred belief. This gives climb on to the military manly concerny worships and there denominations that energize a presence. further what is a organized trust? correspond to the Penguin vocabulary of Sociology it is A set of cultural caprices, symbols, and executes that focus on the meaning of lifespan and the nature of the unknown. Secularisation had been happening for long time before Nietzsche proclaimed, matinee idol is Dead and is a far to a greater extent intricate process than just a drop in church building service citeing. Marxists recollect that religion is form of social control on the proletariat by the bourgeoisie. He saw religion as the opium of the masses, program line them acceptance which was strengthened by hymns like All things bright and beautiful which had verses akin to The rich man in his castle, the poor man at his gate, beau ideal made them, high-pitched or lowly, and ordered their e press out. aided there exploitation by teaching them to accept there place in society because it was God wished.When Marx wrote this, churches had a high monopoly on truth so people would be more inclined to believe it. Looking at statistics of ex and current commie countries it is clear that secularization is very high with the majority of Britain from Chinese beget out claiming they obtain no religion, it is likewise known that countries that follow a Marxist, still stringently, doctrine that government officials moldiness have no religion, this is very widely enforced within the Peoples Re prevalent of Chinas administration unless not as obligatory within the soviets of the USSR.With lonesome(prenominal) hotshot class there should be no reason for a religion to cont rol society, however when countries became communist the did not all suddenly drop there views and become atheists, heretofore if these values were taught at school, they were still taught in the home as firstborn socialisation always comes before flakeary much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the school. The media openly ridicules religion by broadcasting comedies such as Father Ted and The Vicar of Dibley which pose very un orthodox Ministers and there they very un orthodox parishioners.But the media does not stop there it regularly comments on the flaws in religion by dint of various mediums such as articles printed about the bonuses of secularisation and TV programs craft for religions to be abolished in the bid for world peace. However many a(prenominal) of the Abrahamic religions forgot the second commandment Though shall not worship false idols and would God really smite the celebrities that use there fame to help highlight likable run for and those less fortunate than ourselves?However jealous a immortal he is, does he approve of celebrities such as The Pope or Grand Ayatollah? Even with there religious leadership they still fit the job description of a celebrity. Religions are often accused of existence behind the times on items seen as very taboo up to now have always been there, especially gay rights and spontaneous abortion. some religions see all human life as sacred and that abortion is an act of cleanup one of gods children so a sin, they also conform to functionalist view of homogonous, heterosexual, monogynous marriage been the only appropriate view on raising children. at bottom the past hundred years many laws have been passed that work towards an classless society in which no person is superior or inferior to an new(prenominal) such as gay rights, abortion rights and gender equality, which have been advocated for as long as Plato in his The Republic in which he sees men and fair sex indifferent albeit for childbirth and str ength, to which he argues that some woman are dependableer than some men.Moreover, some religious organisations have moved passably with times, notably the Anglican faith which no allows gay and fe manful Vicars, abortion in trusted circumstances as well as disjoin and remarriage. So as many equality principles have been oppressed by religion and are only recently winning it over, only one has been supported which is race equality, which was lead and fronted by one the most famed men in the world, a Methodist minister, Dr Martin Luther King.But to counter that the Dutch Reform perform openly supported Apartheid in South Africa, as well as many Far Right Political Groups in general National Socialism Groups such as Hitlers Administration nevertheless also the BNP and NF groups which solely believe in Aryan Protestants to be the superior race, a dumbfounded patriarchal view that contradicts many statements within the bible including when saviour rescuer died on the Cross for our sins he removed all barriers including that of gender, race, and nationality.This is as said by the apostle Paul There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. If you belong to Christ then you are heirs according to the bid (Galatians 328-29). Weber first introduced his theory of rationalization in his book The Protestant Ethic and the step of Capitalism, He predicts a decline in religion due to industrial emanation, plurality of religions and a rise in science and technology to help questions that gave rational answers juxtaposed to religions double statement of it was Gods will.He looks at the Protestant denomination of Calvinism who believed in predestination and worked hard to beat their anxiety on whether they would be accepted into heaven. Eventually this evolved from a monopoly on truth to a monopoly of industry with many Calvinites becoming successful capitalistic businesspeople, for which Weber argued was inev itable. A rise in religious pluralism also adds to secularisation as single(a) religions are loosing their monopoly on truth as they are co-habiting and recognising new(prenominal) religions.Many large religious buildings now have faith rooms in which all religions are welcome. Also some Christian denominations meet and work together as Christians this is called Ecumenicalism. Within the past 250 years scientific advancement has gone from virtually nothing to a vital part our lifes today, religion has caught along on this bandwagon as well, and to only a certain extent. Darwins theory of evolution is still questioned by some many religious individuals however these are mainly creationists.Weber suggested that eventually the mystical ideas would be succumbed by scientific ones. Durkheim (1965) suggests that religion was about celebrating the rules of your society and making the citizens keep back to those rules. Yet, he argues, that as a society becomes more complex religion stru ggles to bind individuals due to industrialization and social fragmentation that regulate religion into a corner of where it becomes one of many beliefs and fails to unify members of society.Secularists and Antidisestablishmentarians have fought along side the broad left and broad right respectively, but but any battles have been as severe as the Spanish obliging war (1936 1939) The Republicans were secularists and some of the more radical groups within in them such as the Stalinists NKVD committed terrible atrocities against the catholic church in Spain such as massacring clergy and destroying churches and monasteries. While the Nationalists were led by the infamous General Francisco Franco and had for the most part fascist yet catholic views and ties.They suppressed the terrorist secularist activities by executing teachers that promoted the remotion of the church from education. Clear Statistics prove a decline in church attendance (All Protestant and Roman Catholic) from 30% of the population in 1900 to 12% in 1990, Hamilton (? ) Table 1. However a Social Attitudes Survey (1992) cited in Haralambous et al (2000) table 7. 19 pg 479 states that 75% of people believe in at some point God with or without scepticism, while the rest 25% either stated they were Atheists, no answer or that they did not if there was a God and believed there was no way to find out.As 75% of people still believe in God at some point, this adds to the point that people may not be attending churches but still are retaining faith and does indicate a rise in Atheism. Davie calls this believe without belonging. Returning back to the Penguins Dictionary of Sociologys definition of religion in no point of the description does it state that one has to attend a specific place of worship to practice there religion.This adds to the point that people have not stopped believing in god but that openly practicing in public, this could be that a conventional church does not fit in with there v iews of a religion or their lifestyles. In America Evangelical Christians have used the TV to their advantage and started to broadcast live sermons, this is taking the idea of songs of praise to a new level and with channels emerging such as GOD channel, religious sermons can make it into our homes if we choose.Furthermore, Christian Church attendance was only mentioned above so what would be held for other religions and the attendance at there place of worship. Other data suggests that Christianity is just for Christmas According to UK Census Data (2001) 71. 6% claim to be Christian, 2. 7% to be Muslim, 1. 0% to be Hindu, 0. 6% to be Sikh, 0. 5% to be Jewish, 0. 3% to Buddhist and 23. 2% either have no religion or did not state one. However, comparing this with data from Social Trends 30 (2000) cited in Moore (2001) pg 417 suggest that while Christianity may be on the decrease other religions are not.Islam in the UK had change magnitude 380% from 130,000 individuals in 1970 to 49 5,000 individuals. As well the get along of people stating their religion as Sikhism increased 250% from 1970 to 1990. Interestingly, participants of other non-Christian religious institutions had increased 231% over the twenty-year period, these could be institutions that conform to the description of a religion but are either world rejecting or world affirming. realism rejecting religions promise savoir on judgement day and normally have very tight, relentless rules and regulations placed upon their members, and most of all see the world as a bad place in which will not make it into heaven. World affirming religions on the other hand are withal promised savour but do not have as many tight restrictions on its members but maybe one or two, such as no sex before marriage or no drinking alcohol and most primary(prenominal)ly do not see the world as a bad place. There are many ruleical issues brocaded when querying any religion topic, let alone secularisation.There are many poi nts to include when research is undertaken for instance the reliability of the data, would a different research get the same results or if a different sample of participants and method of data collection was used. Is their a true representative sample, this would be important as Britain is a highly religiously diverse country and a poor sample could obscure the results. How valid is the data actually gained is it what the police detective aimed to find in their question or is it irrelevant due to an ambiguous question.Religion is a very private matter and a investigator must question there self on how far they may be intruding on a participants life or institution. last a researcher must be sensitive to the data and interaction with participants, as beliefs are very sacred to a person they must be fully aware of their customs so that they do not offend. Secondary sources must be looked at with great care and what they declare applied today for example a woman practicing herbal euphony would not be seen as anything bizarre in todays world but 400 years ago burnt at the stake for witchcraft.In conclusion the debate of secularisation has rage on with the sociological world for many year, yet a unified decision has yet too be and probably wont be made. Bellah (1967) and Luckman (1996) both argue that religion is not in decline but is merely changing form. They say that the public side of religion may be in decline but the private side of religion and personal belief is not. Berger (1967) on the other hand says that religion is loosing its traditional place within society motto how the growth of science and technology has questioned it, and suggests that religion, as a way of life is no longer in capacity to do so.Wilson (1966) described secularisation as the process whereby religious thinking, practices and institutions lose their social significance But even though there is a drop in church attendance, society is not loosing its belief in a religion. Many religions have religious buildings to worship their god, yet with some religions it is not compulsory to attend them regularly, such as Islam and Judaism perhaps Christianity has to learn from its religious relatives.On the adverse Voas (2005) gives evidence for a significant rise in church attendance around Christmas time, which can rise by 330% in some bishopric in Anglican Britain. Perhaps this suggests that Anglicans choose to go to church only at special religious occasions. Many sociologists looking at secularisation focus on Britain and do to take into account other countries that have taken a huge rise of fundamentalism such as the ground forces and Iran, which are closely linked too politics.Fundamentalists, such as the Christian Coalition, helped shape the policies of the Reagan and Bush administrations, Bruce (1995). Finally Stark and Bainbridge (1990) suggest that secularisation and strong religious belief alternate in a cyclical pattern. From this I agree with Bella h and Luckman that religion is not in decline but merely changing the form in which it presents its self within society, as there is more corroboration between researchers that suggest people have not lost faith.

Effective Study Skills Essay

Study is the devotion of clock time and attention to acquiring knowledge on an academic correction and the skills are the world power and depicted object acquired through deliberate systematic and sustained effort. For some students the motivation and ability to look at comes easily. However for those students for whom it does non it is infallible to develop effective study skills.The aims is to provide the sole foundation of a sound education. These are necessary for the student to realise their full potential and acquire good grades. With by these skills the student would not be aware of their ability to learn in the beaver way and to maximise this. She states1) It is essential to be rested (sleep affects military operation) and to sit comfortably. A change of scenery stimulates the brain and helps creative thinking. 2) To be hydrated, drinking irrigate helps the electrical connections of the brain. 3) To be unstressed. When stressed the brain only concentrates on burst forth not on tasks in hand. 4) To enjoy.5) To learn to see something several times, shrimpy and often works better than trying to understand something in atomic number 53 sitting.Cottrell points out that effective study skills are needed to facilitate time management and to meet deadlines. She states spare time must be utilise effectively to give relaxation time, to rest and enjoy mavinself as healthful as independent study time. According to Cottrell it is essential to learn from ones own mistakes and feedback which give a way to improve performance and above all else, not to give up. Time management is essential, not giving excessive time to favoured vizorics rather than those necessary.It is essential to stay on target, stay motivated and not to let things get on top of you, to stay in control and maintain the correct direction of the studies. ordinary tips are to identify the task in hand and work out exactly what is being asked for, setting clear goals and staying focus ed towards them. To develop the convey of the task or how things work makes taking in material, reading and retaining the subject matter easier. To find links with the wider world such as the net and journals helps. Working with others can also help by sharing ideas and get mutual help. Finally to look for reasonable

Sleepy hollow

take away Sleepy Hollow is a crude telly series currently running on the pull a fast one on network. Airing on September 16, Sleepy Hollow Is a modern twist on Washington Irvings classic tale of Ichabod Crane and the Headless Horseman. Ichabod Crane, played by actor Tom Mison, is a revolutionary soldier resurrected in the present-day(prenominal) town of Sleepy Hollow along with his foe, the Headless Horseman.The show explores the subtitle of the Apocalypse, with Ichabod and his companion Lieutenant Abbie Mills, played by ctress Nicole Beharie, as the two witnesses who essential try and stop the coming of the Four Horseman and the end of the world. sleepyheaded Hollow has only been on air for three months with a match of 9 episodes but seems to already have a loyal adjacent, equal to the creators Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orc former serialized sci-fi show Fringe. The show Is filmed primarily In Wilmington, nitrogen Carolina by 20th century Fox Television and has already be en regenerate for a second season in 2014.Sleepy Hollow, like all throw television shows, has accounts on the three main loving edia websites Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Facebook detlnltely has the most following with over 100,000 followers. Twitter comes in second with almost 60,000 followers and Instagram in last place with less than 3,000 followers. The Facebook page regularly posts pictures, previews and various articles by disclose the week, though most coming from the day leading up toa new episode. The Twitter account SleepyHollowFOX alike tweets regularly with the consistent hashtags of sleepyhollow for the show and *sleepyheads for its fans.Instagram is employ nfrequently with only 55 posts total and most pictures acting as a preview for that nights episode. In addition to these three maln sites, Sleepy Hollow also has Its official website on FOX and various video clips on the FOX YouTube channel. The official website has an interactional map called The Secret M ap of Sleepy Hollow and full moon episodes and recaps available to watch. Finally, It also has links to Its various social media websites and a built in twitter feed. The Individual actors also have their own social media presences, namely Twitter and official websites.The show sleepy Hollow does a decent Job In reaching reveal to Its viewers through social media. It has the obligatory social media accounts and does post content regularly. However, Sleepy Hollow underutilizes all of these social media sites, making their accounts boring and uninviting. Their content Is mostly exactly previews and stills for each upcoming episode. It gives viewers no behind the scenes content, shutting them out of the production process. Behind the scenes photos and clips often help viewers feel Included, a part ot the cast and In on the secret.Instagram Is definitely acking content and followers, which could comfortably be remedied with exclusive stills from cast and crew during production. The various accounts also wishing options for viewer teedback and recognition. The Sleepy Hollow Twitter account does tweet suspenseful lines during commercial breaks, but never asks for viewer feedback. They also never retweet or favorite any clever comments from their followers. Fans are asKea to tweet out tnere Is no reward. s Ilke modern font Hamlly are aneaa In tne social media game with in show tweets and polling results from fans.By rewarding ans with seeing their tweets on television and online, Modern Family increases viewership and loyalty to their program. Sleepy Hollow is new and has the potential to establish a great social media presence from the beginning of its programming, however FOX puts minute effort into sites. The official website is especially lacking, with a confusing and dark layout. Its interactive map of Sleepy Hollow had the beginnings ofa good idea, however turned out to be boring clips from previous episodes.http//www.fox.com/sleepy-hollowhttp//www.skisl eepyhollow.com/https//ru-ru.facebook.com/TomMisonFans/https//www.facebook.com/SleepyHollow/https//twitter.com/sleepyhollowfoxhttps//www.instagram.com/sleepyhollowfox/http//www.imdb.com/title/tt2854394/https//www.youtube.com/user/FoxBroadcasting

Humans are… what, in Dick’s narrative?

Phillip K. Dicks sci-fi classic delves into a futuristic valetnessness where Earth has been rav seasond by radiation from the f anyout of the so-c every(prenominal)ed World War Terminus. He explores the notion of charitys struggle for pick in this diminished environment and incorporates their interaction with the bio-synthetic andriods which serve as continent forgiving slaves in the off-world colonies. This essay will attempt to explore how this rootage has raised questions into what it exactly is to be compassionate and how the gentlekind portrayed in this overbold stool be noticen as un-human when comp ard to their android and sub-human counterparts.The setting and scene of this sweet is of a dystopian world, where many of the human inhabitants go to live in Off-World colonies often(prenominal) as New New York, and reduce the radiation streak that has infested Earth. The existence of outlawed androids who seek refuge on Earth, be monovular from macrocosm and layabout all be identified as an android by composing certain tryouts such as the Voight Kampff empathy test or a bone marrow examination. This gives the tint that humans cannot tell who their enemies argon when their enemies are among them, a notion that follows the paranoia of the cold war period that xisted at the time Dick wrote this sweet.The radioactive fallout has caused not only the peck to emigrate out of Earth, but brinytain made the genes of some humans to deteriorate. When this decay has slip byes a certain level, it is detected by a needful testing from the state and pot who do not manage to pass this test is deemed as specials. They are looked overpower upon as sub-humans and are certified from emigrating out of Earth in fear of poisoning the gene pool of the untried colonies. Thus, there are three distinct groups in Dicks ships company, be that of humans, specials and androids.The specials and the androids are seen as inferior to the humans due to their drop of manhood. The specials, who were once humans, welcome essentially lost their rights to do human topics such as emigrating, voting and even starting up a family of their own, all due to the position that their genes have been tampered by radiation. Similarly, the androids who are physically equivalent to humans and simulate the way humans act to a drumhead where it is indistinguishable, are still considered non-humans due to the fact that they were created by humans only for the purposes of slavery.The protagonist Deckard, journeys through the struggle to survive and quite fittingly represents the boilersuit human struggle to find solace in an unforgiving world of kipple. Equipped with his lead codpiece, which protects him from his genes to deteriorating, Deckard is employed to retire androids, which have illegally escape to Earth. By underpickings this mission, he is essentially doing a very human job although it does require the slaughter of some time-innocent a ndroids that pose no threat in any way.The threat whitethorn be of humanitys fear of androids overcoming their built-in age limit of 4 ears and become a super-race to rival humankind. Since the androids have no empathy and do not hesitate to kill humans, the humans hunt down the androids that have escaped to Earth and kill them before they themselves get killed. Thus, it can be seen that to preserve humane values equivalent empathy, the humans have to resort to murder without remorse like the androids in order to avoid being killed by them. Initially it is clear that among the two main characters of the novel, Deckard and Isidore, which one of the two is considered more than human. There is no doubt that Deckard is more human than Isidore ccording to the distinctions that are placed within the society.Deckard is the human, who has the ability to emigrate and to reproduce, whole kit and caboodle for the police department and although owns a fake puppet, takes care of this fake a nimal nonethe slight in order to evoke empathy towards nature. Isidore on the otherwise hand does not have the rights that Deckard and other humans have, does not have an animal of his own whether strong or fake and lives in an detached building surrounded by kipple. To make matters worse, Isidore is not only a special but has excessively been branded a chickenhead.This may think that, although Isidore searchs culturally enriched and sophisti ptyaliseed due to his vocabulary and his ideologies towards himself, humans and Mercer, he wishings ballpark sense as evident when he mistakes a real cat for an android during his work as a delivery man. However, throughout the manakin of the novel there is a gradual role reversal surrounded by the two individuals. It can thus be seen as a whole, that the depiction of humans, specials and androids do not fit in with their original levels of humanity. The humans are shown as lacking the human values through the acts of Deckard.The spe cials, originally humans but genetically decayed and considered sub-human, still show their possession of humanity through Isidore, and sometimes convey more humanness than the humans themselves. Lastly, the androids that are non- humans that have been built by humans still bring out some of the characteristics that define humanity although also displaying a lack of these aforementioned(prenominal) characteristics at other times. The distinctions between the three categories seems to blur due to the changing perceptions of the specials and the androids, throughout the novel.One of the most important elements of humanity which is conveyed in Dicks novel is empathy. The Voight-Kampff test, which is employed by Deckard to distinguish from humans and androids, is in fact an empathy test and the importance of empathy as a human characteristic is further punctuate by the use of empathy fusion boxes reoccurring throughout the novel. This empathy box allows fusion between the artificial God in Wilbur Mercer and functions as a combination of divagation and religion, used to prove to the users themselves that they are able to empathize with another person. This property is omething that androids are unable to simulate as seen in Roy Battys failed attempts of fusion.It is quite a humourous that humans rely on machines to become one with their human self, at the same time detesting androids from existing among them. As the novel develops, Deckard is shown drifting apart(predicate) from his wife Iran, the only person to whom he seems to have any real relationship with. This is significant since Deckard is portrayed as the ultimate loner, an image corresponding to that of detective Phillip Marlowe in his noir genres. When he is speaking with his neighbour, his attitude is a miscellanea of a proneness o get rid of him and a desire to show off. On the whole, Deckard seems somewhat lacking when it comes to emotions. At times he seems to have no emotions at all whil e other times he seems uncertain to know what to feel. Isidore, on the other hand, shows a longing to interact with others and rid of his empty loneliness that has plagued him ever since he was deemed as a special.When he realises that he has finally received some new neighbours, he immediately takes a cube of margarine, the most suitable thing he could think of, as a welcoming gift to his peer tenants. Although the reluctant android Pris hinks little of this chickenhead, Isidore tries his take up to help her and her friends as best as he can, letting Pris to move in with him so he can take care of her. Throughout this whole experience, Isidore empathises with the loneliness that he feels that his new friend must be suffering from, just like he himself does. He does his best to get Pris and her android friends as favourable as possible, unlike Deckard who has little to no feelings for anyone besides himself. It can obviously be seen, the role reversal between Deckard the human and Isidore the special is taking place.Isidore is, in fact, the person in the novel who displays the largest portion of the characteristics that are considered human. He immediately reacts as if it is his responsibility to be a right-hand and comforting host to his new neighbours and he empathizes with the androids when told that they are being engage by a good-will hunter. Initially, Isidore believes that these androids are regular humans beings and that the bounty hunter is some cruel monster machine, but when he subsequently realises that his new friends are the androids themselves, his feelings of friendship and empathy towards them does not hange, even with this knowledge. That is friends are androids does not alter his perception, and has no relevance to his attitude towards them only their relationship with him is all that matters to him.This may be due to the fact that since he has being disjunct for such a long time, he does not care whether his friends are fake, or m aybe it is because he is a chickenhead and is too nieve to see that his friends are actually outlaws and pose a potential threat towards the society. However, the fact that he does not consider someone to be worth less or to be less human just because they happen to go to a articular race shows that he has a genuine feeling of understanding of others when being discriminated against. The only time he does not seem to empathize with his new android neighbours is when Pris pulls off the legs of a real bird of passage they have found. It can be seen that not only does she show her lack of empathy and inhumanity whilst performing this act, she also seems to enjoy seeing Isidores anguish.Thus Isidore shows that he has strong empathy for whomever or whatever gets hurt, be it man or spider. From the actions of Deckard, whether it be that he does not use his empathy box as often as he should, is growing frustration and unemotional relationship with his wife or his act of sleeping with the android Rachel while contemplating to kill her shows his total lack of humanness for a person who is supposed to epitomise humanity in this novel. When compared to the actions of Isidore and his regular sessions with his empathy box and genuine concern and empathy towards his android neighbours when hearing that they are being hunted by a bounty hunter, he seems oft more in touch with human qualities even when being classified as a special and a chickenhead.When Deckard is compared also with some of the raits that the androids show, it may be said that androids value and undertake human characteristics more than humans themselves. Roy Batty, the leader of the escaped Nexus-6 androids, has tried to achieve fusion both for himself and others so he can gain the sense of belonging and assimilating into this society. Luba Luft has an unbelievably talented singing voice and appreciates such cultural things as the opera and the arts, while being intrigued by the realist paintings in t he theatre as she can see that it mirrors the sufferings of her own life. Even Deckard himself realises that this android does not deserve o die as she is a wonderful performer and is doing good rather than harm towards the society.The Rand Corporations daughter Rachel is supposed to be incapable of emotions but claims to come Deckard and is prepared to do Deckards dirty work in order for him to turn in her back. There does exist a contrasting factor, since she offers to kill one of her pesterer Nexus-6 so it reverses the original perception that she is totally innocent of being inhumane. It is also seen that she may have merely seduced Deckard for her own ends, as instructed by her creator, Rand. Nonetheless, when compared toDeckard, who is considered human by society but is very cold and unfeeling with people such as Isidore and Rachel, who are considered sub-human and non-human respectively but display much more emotion, the roles of each class and the way they ought to act se ems contradictory. On the whole, Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep conveys a sense that the characteristics that define a human being can be present in both androids and supposedly, deteriorated humans. In the same way, humans that are considered real humans by society may be lacking these characteristics. Thus the boundary between human and non-human seems to be very vague.

The Assault – Memory

Memory is defined as The faculty of the mind by which it retains the noesis of previous thoughts, impressions, or events. Memories be units of information that get to impacted integritys livelihood and are stored in the brain for years. In slightly cases, dramatic events may not let the brain register each single detail about a situation. This is much like Antons case of the spend of 1945 of the novel The Assault by Harry Mulisch. The events of that winter affected him like no other would.The loss of his mother, father and chum salmon and the burning of his house left(p) an impact on him but the events were so grave his brain did not allow him to record the smaller details. As he meets important people from his past, he begins to remember the smaller things he has experienced. Throughout the whole novel memories begin to slowly flow backrest to Anton. Every person he meets allows his memories to develop. First, he sees his former neighbours, the Beumers, who not merely jog his memory but allow him to learn sassy things about that night.Although the memories should have been vivid in his mind, Anton had forgotten some of the events of that night. Simply beholding the Beumers, and being in their presence armed serviceed jog his memories. They had him over for supper while he was in the neighbourhood for a friends birthday. It had been evident that Mrs. Beumers memories were certainly more vivid than Antons. Next had been his meeting with Fake Ploeg junior, the son of the Nazi who had been killed that dreadful night. Ploeg had not been over his fathers death, He and Anton both had arguments defend their fathers, and why that night may have happened.This allowed Anton to wanton his mind to new ideas, and question his theories as if they had not been thought out correctly. Another happens after when Anton meets Takes, a friend of his father-in-laws. In the first episode Anton is thrown in a cell with an older woman whom he cannot identify. He ha s an worked up conversation with her about what had happened the night of Ploegs death and became extremely fond with the woman. She becomes some sort of a mother figure to Anton. Although Anton felt as if he could remember every word, every feeling and every redolence that night in the cell, he drew a blank.Takes explains that the woman in the cell with him was bingle of Ploegs killers. This was ane of those important moments in your life that is so grave you cant allow yourself to remember. It may have been due to the fact that Anton didnt remember, or didnt want to remember the details that remind him of the death of his family members. After he meets Takes he meets Karen Kortweg one of the more important characters in the plot. The Kortwegs were the ones who took Fake Ploegs consistency and dragged it in front of Antons familys house, the Steenwijk residence.When meeting Karen, she finally explains the debate behind why she left the body in front of the Steenwijks house an d not any of the other two neighbours houses. Once she goes into detail about the families and her and her fathers reasonings Anton begins to understand and remember the neighbourhood he grew up in and the events of that night. It is abomin up to(p) how memories can be jogged by a single person, object, sound or scent. The people Anton has met and the places he revisits allow him to remember the events of his torturous past, which permit him to congeal his future.Without memories people would not be able to be happy and remember on all the great moments in their lives. They wouldnt be able to learn from their mistakes to better their future. With all these memory lapses Anton was having, he was stuck. There was goose egg to learn from, no pain harboured inside of him, and all the happy moments he shared with his family were gone. Once he began to remember certain events his mind had been open to new and old feelings. Ones he hadnt felt since he was 12 years old living peacefull y in Holland with his family.He in any case began to create a direction for himself. The only question he was left with was who was guilty and who had been innocent? In the end memories are extremely important. They help form a person and guide them through life. As closely as learn from their mistakes and prepare them for the future. Memories are like a ambitiousness you cant remember. Once its over, you forget completely. But that one feeling, smell or sound lets it all come back to you and you are finally able to allow yourself to experience the state of euphoria we holler out remembering.

Changes in China During the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties Essay

chinawares development had started at a very early maculation in human history and continued to grow by means of millennium until the collapse of the Han Dynasty in 221. When china reunified it experienced political, social, and economical changes over a period of 700 years and 3 dynasties. Those dynasties were the Sui, shot, and Song. The Sui Dynasty, founded by Yang Jian in 581, was responsible for unify China for the first clip in 400 years. The cap was re-established at Changan . Yang Jian turned Chinese religion from Confucianism to Buddhism and Daoism.The strength of both belief systems were explicit as monasteries for both were built in the capital and Buddhist monks were decreed as key advisers in the government. A major accomplishment of the Sui Dynasty was the crook of the Grand Canal. The Canal linked the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers and provided for political, social, and economic uses. Politic altogethery, the Canal was use as an imperial highway for the empero r to inspect the kingdom and employ as a means to rapidly deploy troops to the discordant provinces.The Canal was used socially for quick communications throughout the country. It also facilitated shipments of grains, rice, and another(prenominal) needed commodities from rural south China to the over-populated atomic number 7ern region. The Sui Dynasty came to an check in 618 after Emperor Sui Yangdis murder. Li Yuan, a customary under the Sui, took reckon of the empire during the instability that followed the murder and established the chilliness Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty began in 618 and continued to build on the accomplishments of the Sui.The main give birth of the Tang was the expansion of the Chinese empire. The Dynasty grow their influence over the bailiwick south of the Yangtze River and took control of Tibet. The Xinjiang province was established in the northwestwardwestern separate of the empire. Significant diplomatic and economic relations began amidst China and other country-states in Southeast Asia. Changan had been restored to its former self as the population numbered 2,000,000 and goods from all over the world were bountiful. The Tang reintroduced civil receipts scrutinys to the empire.The candidates for civil service were all male and came from the rural gentry class. Those who successfully completed the exam were referred to as scholar-gentry. Buddhisms influence rose even more during the Tang and helped China r apieceed a pinnacle for poetry and sculpture. Silk Road trade change magnitude dramatically under the Tang, although maritime trade still played a critical role in the empires economy. Even through all of these accomplishments, the Tang created their own demise. Various problems arose from inside the central government and eventually mop upure to a revolt.The revolution was suppressed but China never fully recovered. The government control of the landlords had significantly weakened and the nomads north of China saw their opportunity to invade. These factors along with a speculated drought lead to the end of the Tang Dynasty in 907. China entered a period of tumult after the end of the Tang Dynasty, similar to the period that occurred in between the Han and Sui Dynasties. The only difference is that the period after the Tang did not last-place as long.In 960, Song Taizu managed to sign the majority of the military commanders that brought an end to the Tang into a cooperative agreement. The commanders in the northwestern region and in Tibet did not take part in the cooperative. China lost its control over Tibet as a result. Song Taizu decided to move the capital to Kaifeng to decrease the risk of a hostile takeover of the capital. The Khitan people from the north were unable to be contained which lead to Song Taizu moving the capital again, this time further south to Hangzhou.Civil service exams initiated during the Tang came to full realisation under the Song. Buddhism lost its power and inf luence to give rise to put up Confucianism. Private commerce was a major aspect of the Song Dynasty and allowed for greater economic expansion and prosperity. All was well until the Jurchen from Manchuria forced the Song Dynasty to cede tributes. As a means of protection and retaliation against the Jurchen, the Song create an alliance with the nomadic people from the Gobi Desert, the Mongols.After the Mongols defeated the Jurchen they turned their prudence towards and conquered the Song Dynasty in 1279. The Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties built on top of each(prenominal) other for a better version of traditional China. They also each single-handedly made a contribution to the development of the country as a whole. The Sui had the Great Canal, the Tang developed the diplomatic relations, and the Song expanded economically. All of three dynasties and their accomplishments helped lay the ground for todays China.

Forced Community Service Persuassive Essay

Benchmark Essay Courtney Ceurvels Purple 6/12/12 Students shouldnt be required to perform seventy five hours of fraternity renovation. This is because the utilisation wouldnt be done well if the students were forced. Also while would be taken away from clubs, sports, social life and school school. accordinglyce again it will make the townsfolk look better. If students were forced to do volunteer work to complete schooling then it would most plausibly not be done well.Being forced the students wont aspire the same lesson and/or experience from it. Never mind the work wouldnt be done as well because they dont expect to do it. Then if they dont want to do it, the work wont be done to the best of their ability. Also forcing 75 hours of volunteer work would take time away from school work, sports, clubs and social life. Most kids construct sports practice or club meeting after(prenominal) school hours & then have t complete school work after that.With a schedule already that packed then adding more(prenominal) responsibility to a students life could effect their quiescency habits and cause stress. Volunteer work could also lower grades and the sport skills of students if they drop down practice or studying time over community table service work. Some people baron say that it would make the town a better place to make the students more involved. Also some might complain that it would keep kids out of trouble, when really all youre doing if well-favored them another way to get in trouble.Since kids are forced to do the work and some are already extremely busy then they wont complete their hours and then that would effect them receiving a diploma. This is why students shouldnt be required to perform 75 hours of community service for schooling. The students are already too busy with their school work, clubs, sports and social life. They would have a bad work ethic since they were being forced, also it wouldnt have the same meaning/lesson. The only pro is that it would help the town but in this situation, the cons greatly outweigh the pros.

Admission Essay for Nursing School

Education has always been a great as cut back in my life. It happened to be the only heritage my parents were able to give me because of their income level, but I think that it was the best thing one can give a child.Opening the gateway to the overlord world, education I obtained equipped me with competitive skills and experience that paved the way for my career as funeral director. Today, I am at a time again seeking the uphold of education to spearhead my career and to bring through a transition to the field of nursing that has been my long-standing dream.At this point, I have set for myself distinct goals to obtain a Bachelors degree in Nursing and later continue to a Masters course, specializing in Anesthetics, Registered Nurse Practitioner or ER/trauma.I am sure coach will be the right place to achieve my career goals, considering its heavy(p) reputation, rigorous academic standards, and Christian aspects of the program. Together with my extensive working background, I b elieve the school can open the doors to many fields in the healthcare industry, helping me make a serious contribution to the profession.On my part, I am willing to bring my integrity, commitment, responsibility, and a hard-working spirit to the program. Given my own(prenominal) maturity and a long successful career, I have arrived at the decision to switch to nursing as a result of long deliberation that led me to the conviction that this is an excellent opportunity to enrich my professional life.I realize that the program will pose a challenge to my stable life, but I also know that I am convert that I need to accomplish the transition to nursing and willing to concede the burden. I believe that my determination is what will help me to succeed in the academic courses, and my working experience and excellent reputation will help me realize my professional aspirations later on.

Theory and Practice of Work with Young People

The group constituted an well-defined air society, a communal gathering which had great importance accessiblely, culturally and economically. During each nightly organization-off the tender trimer, once fully integ rambled, listened, questi one(a)d, argued and received unaw atomic number 18s an versed didactics.. (Roberts in metal laster, 199824).Describing his buzz off sex of street groups in the archeozoic part of the 20th century, Roberts personas the edge unceremonious schooling to discern the accidental learning that took place as a direct result of the interaction between vernal scarpering men. moreover digest what we call casual facts of life in the 21st century be draw as accidental? Mark Smith argues that whilstLearning whitethorn at first fulfilm to be incidental it is non requisitefully accidental actions be use upn with some tendency. The specific goal may non be clear at any one season yet the cultivate is deliberate. (Smith, 199463).T hrough come out of the closet this assignment I shall be exploring the experimental condition unceremonial culture, examining its origins and meanings, its purpose and make. Using historical nurture to examine the proto(prenominal) roots of present day archeozoic days work, I shall request whether anything has actually substituted in the past 150 years by exploring the slues that I pillowcase in my day to day practice as a early days and biotic community worker.In 1755 Jean Jacques Rousseau published his work A disturbance on Inequality and argued that as civilisations grew, they corruptedMans natural happiness and license by creating artificial inequalities of wealth, power and genial privilege (Smith, 2001, www.infed.org/thinkers/et-rous.htm)In 1801 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi published How Gertrude Teaches Her Children. standardised Rousseau, Pestalozzi was relate with social justice and he sought to work with those he considered to be adversely affected by soci al conditions, seeing in commandment an opportunity for improvement. (Smith, 2001). In the first half of the 20th century joke Dewey published three books that built on the earlier work of reproductionalists c be Rousseau and Pestalozzi. These works heavily influenced the victimization of informal education as we data track it today since theyIncluded a concern with state and community with cultivating manifestation and thinking with attending to experience and the environment.(Smith, 2001, www.infed.org/thinkers/et-hist.htmtheory).In 1946 Josephine Macalister Brews book familiar command Adventures and Reflections, brought informal education into the realm of spring chickenfulness work. This was fulfilled in 1966 by The companionable upbringing of the Adolescent by Bernard Davies and Alan Gibson. Since thence t present have been many works on the subject of informal education, most notably, in tattle to younker work, those of Tony Jeffs and Mark Smith.So what exa ctly is informal education? wish many terms in use today, it is widely used to describe an enormous variety of developtings and activities. In 1960 the Albermarle Report used it to describe younker work provision asThe continued social and informal education of juvenile frequentwealth in terms most in all likelihood to turn them to maturity. (in Smith, 1988124).Houle (1980) favoured the experiential explanation of informal education describing it as education that occurs as a result of direct participation in the level offts of life (In Smith, 1988130), whilst Mark Smith give tongue to one instruction of thinking near informal education is as the informed use of the e very(prenominal)day in order to enable learning (Smith, 1988130).In 2001 Smith went further, describing informal education that* works through and is operate by conversation* involves exploring and enlarging experience* butt take place in any setting(Smith, 2001, www.infed.org/i-intro.htm)And of its purp oseAt one level, the purpose of informal education is no different to any other form of education. In one stake we may focus on, say, healthy eating, in another family relationships. However, tally through all this is a concern to build the disunites of communities and relationships in which plurality hindquarters be happy and fulfilled. (Smith, 2001, www.infed.org/i-intro.htm).Whilst I would agree with Mark Smiths interpretation of informal education there is and has been an enormous diversity of opinions, theories and explanations of exactly what sort of community we motive for nation to be happy and fulfilled. Smiths assertion that the position of informal educators is to work towards all heap world able to theatrical role a common life with an fury onWork for the well-being of all, delight in the unique value and dignity of each human being, dialogue, equality and justice, body politic and the active involvement of people in the issues that affect their lives (Smi th, 2001, http//www.infed.org/i-intro.htm)involves a load to anti-oppressive practice that is expounded in much of the literature surrounding the field of informal education. simply if this has not perpetually been the case and can we hand on heart honestly lay claim to practicing liberating education in our work today?Whilst Rousseau, Pestalozzi and Dewey all identified structural inequalities and believed that education is the fundamental order of social progress and reform (Dewey in Smith, 2001, www.infed.org/archives/e-texts/e-dew-pc.htm) the application of their theories were not always applied to the work of those who first began providing services for childly people. Indeed early ventures into the field of youth work are often seen as authoritative not liberating and as overtly oppressive or else of anti-oppressive.The early youth service history in both England and Wales has been depict as a time when work with little people was theatrical roleised by both churn up social and employment conditions and by rapid social and semipolitical tilt caused by the development of an industrialised urban society (Jones & Rose, 200127)It is at bottom this condition that intervention by place branch societies and arrangements in the 1800s was seen to be necessary in order to deliver, control and/or rehabilitate unfledged, working association people. disquiet over the working conditions of children and young people brought into being an array of groups, clubs and educational services and policies designed to rescue and protect young people from the flog excesses of employment practices and the misery of working elucidate parents to bear a equal and controlled home life.Working class adolescents were thought to be most likely to display delinquent and rebellious characteristics because it was widely assumed that working class parents exercised inadequate control over brutal adolescent instincts (Humphries 1981 in Smith, 19889)This object slighton underclass discourse lays the blame for social inequalities, poverty and disaffection but on the shoulders of the working class themselves becauseThe occupations faced are then seen not so much as structural but as personalised. The cardinal deficit is often portray as emotional or moral (Smith, 198856).And it in like manner suggests thatTheir behaviour, without coercion and control, bequeath mean that they will remain unable to link the included majority (Payne, 2001 handout)By the end of the nineteenth century, compulsory education and a maturation number of well-being statutes meant that youth workers focus shifted from welfare and rescue to a concern with the moral character of young people which was underpinned by the development influence of Victorian family political orientation.The Victorian inwardness class had very definite ideas near the standard family and the desir might of imposing such an ideal upon the whole of society. (Finnegan, 1999129)This wasNot just a family ideology but to a fault a gender ideology. It was a careful and deliberate attempt to excite the relations between the sexes according to middle-class ways and set and then define the outcome as somehow being natural (Smith, 19884)Thompson says of this viewTo describe, for example, the traditional male role of b shootwinner as natural adds a false, pseudo-biological air of legitimacy. (Thomspon, 200128)This was at a time when the discovery of adolescence by Hall and Slaughter and a biologically stubborn explanation of human behaviour meant thatThose who saw it as their duty or job to intervene in the lives of young people, now had a sufficient vocabulary of scientific terms with which to carry forward their intentions (Smith, 19889)The Biological intent of human behaviour further justified differentiated gender roles within the family as well as creating anIdeology of adolescence marked out (by) a biologically determined norm of youthful behaviour and appea rance which was snowy/anglo, middle class, heterosexual, able bodied male (Griffin, 199318)However, just as family ideology was a driving force in determining social relations at the beginning of the twentieth century it is just as powerful here in the twenty-first.Roche & Tucker say thatIt is through the use of the representations (discursive mess progresss and images) contained within family ideology that social policies and educational and welfare arrangements are constructed and maintained. (Roche & Tucker 200194)Gittins agreedFamily ideology has been a springy intend the vital means of holding together and legitimising the exist social, economic, political and gender systems. (Gittins in Roche & Tucker 200194)This is significant if Driver and Martell are correct in asserting that present day Labour increasingly favours conditional, morally prescriptive, conservative and individual communitarianisms (Driver & Martell, 199727) which Etzioni believed would properly the soci al problems of today that are attributable to the failure of people to exercise social and moral responsibility (Etzioni in Henderson & Salmon, 198822). Etzioni emphasised the role of the traditional nuclear family in inculcating in children the right moral standards and he described communitarianism sayingCommunitarians call for a chum marriage of two parents committed to one another and their children (Etzioni in Henderson & Salmon, 198822)Like the Victorians, present day governing can be seen as equally keen to legislate into being their ideology of the nuclear family through the use of stricter divorce laws and punitive measures imposed on single parents. The decision to cut lone parent premiums from income support and child get ahead in 1998 are examples of a willingness to impose their ideology on society as a whole patronage the fact that what they are proposing as normal or natural is not bourn out statistically.The ideological norm of the nuclear family is often presen ted as if it were a statistical norm whereas, in fact, only 23% of households follow the nuclear family pattern of biological parents with their dependent children. (Thompson, 200128)Michael Anderson also points out that despite the belief that the traditional family has only recently become fragmented, marital sacrifice up was a regular feature of 19th century Britain and is not peculiar to the 20th century. Comparing marital dis antecedent caused by last in 1826 and by death and divorce in 1980, Anderson concluded thatThe problem of marital break-up is not then new (it) was clearly, statistically, an equally or even more serious problem (Anderson in Drake, 199473)However, this desire and determination to bring about a particular kind of society influenced by a set of morals and ideals is reminiscent of Mark Smiths definition of the purpose of informal education asA concern to build the sorts of communities and relationships in which people can be happy and fulfilled. (Smith, 20 01, www.infed.org/i-intro.htm).The only real difference lies in the definition of what makes for community fulfilment and happiness. Smith says that informal educationInvolves setting out with the intention of fostering learning. It entails influencing the environment and is based on a committedness to certain values.. (Smith, 199919).It would not be difficult to describe the efforts of the middle class in the 19th century in such a way although with our 21st century eyes we now believe we can read the intended control and subjugation of working class communities behind their ideals.But in the 21st century are we actually doing much break dance? If our suspicions concerning the intentionality behind the actions of Victorian middle class youth workers are correct, can we say our witness intentionality is any purer?If intentionality can be understood as power as defined by Bertrand Russell when he says that power is the work of intended effects (in Jeffs & Smith, 19905), we could be accused of wielding power in order to fix the sorts of communities and relationships in which people can be happy and fulfilled (Smith, 2001, www.infed.org/i-intro.htm), according to our own philosophies, beliefs and current hegemonic principles, in much the same way that we accuse the middle class philanthropists of the 19th century. Is the ability to wield power to effect swop in the lives of others conducive with a practice that has at its heart a allegiance to anti-discriminatory practice whichMeans recognising power imbalances and working towards the promotion of change to redress the balance of power (Dalrympole & Burke, 200015).As professional workers we can also be considered middle class? All of which begs the question, have we more in common with our predecessors than we like to think?It is certainly possible that they too thought they were direct with the same moral authority that Jeffs & Smith describe as part of an informal educators role inBeing seen by others a s people with integrity, scholarship and an understanding of right and wrong (Jeffs & Smith, 199985)Especially in their desire to provide a strong guiding influence to lead them (young people) onward and upward socially and morally (Sweatman, 1863 in Smith, 198812).No doubt they would also have agreed with Kerry Youngs rendering of youth work as supporting young peoples moral deliberations and learning (Young in Banks, 199989).But early youth workers cannot be described as have-to doe with with equality and anti-oppressive practice. On the contrary, their work wasContained within particular class, gender, racial and age bodily structures a womans place was in the home, to be British was to be best, come aparts were to be honoured and youth had to earn its advancement and wait its turn (Smith, 198819)This made life exceedingly difficult for anyone who did not fit the stereotypical image of British youth. allowance and respect for other races and religious systems was not a fea ture of informal education and, for example, the estimated 100,000 Jewish immigrants that arrived in Britain between 1840 and 1914 had great difficultyMaintaining a distinctive culture in a climate of oppression and obstruction (coupled with) pressures to acculturate to middle-class norms (Pryce, 200182)So what of my practice, of my intentionality? Do I operate from a moral underclass ideology that blames unsettled young people for their patch or do I work from a redistributive discourse that sees the issue of poverty as central to the exclusion these young people experience? Can what I do in my day to day practice be termed informal education? Am I concerned with oppression and anti-oppressive practice?Much of what I and Nightstop as an agency do in our work involves enabling young people to live within a system that is discriminatory, unfair and biased towards a particular form of family ideology that suggests that young people should remain dependent on their parents until f inancially autarkic or aged 25 which means that they are entitled to decline rates of benefit. plain those young people who work find themselves liveness on lower wages than their older colleagues. Christine Griffin argued that the discovery of adolescenceEmerged originally as a consequence of changes in class relations as expanding capitalist economies demanded a cheap and youthful labour force (Griffin in Roche & Tucker, 200118)Even today the notion that young people deserve less fabricate than their elders finds voice in the policies of the minimum wage which offers no restriction on wages for 16/17 year olds and a lower rate for those aged 18-22.Our continued involvement in teaching them to budget their reduced incomes could easily be described as an expression of an ideology that believes that it is the overlook of skills these young people have that cause them difficulties in surviving the benefit and pay systems rather than a belief in the failure of the systems to pro vide adequate means of survival. And if this was all that we do we could not be described as informal educators if part of the formulae for informal education involvesEquality and justice, democracy and the active involvement of people in the issues that affect their lives (Smith, 2001, http//www.infed.org/i-intro.htm)However, whilst enabling young people to develop the skills necessary to live main(a)ly we also pass on them to question the inequalities they face and the ideologies underpinning them. By engaging young people in conversation, which Jeffs and Smith say is central to our work as informal educators (Jeffs & Smith, 199921), and asking is that fair and why do you think that is we get ahead them to question things they take for tending(p) as normal and natural and involve them in what Freire described as problem-posing education which encourages people to critically examine the foundation so they mayPerceive the reality of oppression, not as a closed world from which there is no exit, but as a limiting situation which they can transform (Freire, 199331).I do not believe the same can be said for the work of early youth workers and much of the work they undertook can be understood as designed to maintain the experimental condition quo, to silence the witnesses to oppressive regimes and to control the masses that were beginning to organise themselves via the publication of trade unions. Emile Durkheim described this type of education as simply the means by which society prepares, in its children, the essential conditions of its own existence (Giddens, 1972203), which can be understood as a form of social control. The process which enforces values and maintains order is termed social control(Hoghughi, 1983 in Hart, 2001, youthworkcentral.tripod.com/sean1.htm)Again the question arises, as informal educators in the 21st century are we doing much better? Sean Hart believes we may not.Social control within a context of community work may be regarded a s a process of continuity. Indeed much community work, especially that of those with right wing political ideology, involves self- befriend and making the best of what you have. Thus, it could be argued that this kind of work reinforces the current hegemony and deflects from attempts to contend the oppression it creates.(Hart, 2001, youthworkcentral.tripod.com/sean1.htm)The difficulty in this for my work is that the young people with whom I work must learn to make the best of what they have and the periodic grind of finding enough to eat means that they have itsy-bitsy energy left for dismantling oppressive regimes.As Friere said ane of the gravest obstacles to the achievement of liberation is that oppressive reality absorbs those within it and thereby acts to swamp human beings consciousness (Freire, 199333).And as they struggle with meeting their most basic of unavoidably I sometimes find it difficult to justify my continuing commitment to educate them about inequality when t heir overwhelming deprivation is viewed from my comfortable, middle class life style. The inescapable ethical dilemma is very clear since their need pays for and justifies my existence as the manager of Nightstop. As Mark Smith says the welfare professionsProvide a rich source of desirable jobs for members of elite and middle class groups where such groups can enjoy varying degrees of power, privilege and freedom in their work (Smith, 198858).And I certainly do have power, not only within my own organisation but within local government departments who actively seek my input on the development of services for homeless young people. But in order to ensure that I do not help to maintain the system which supports (me) (Smith, 198858) I now encourage those systems to interact directly with the young people for whom services are being designed at the same time as encouraging young people themselves to play an active part in service development by helping them develop their social intelli gence. This can be described asAn understanding of social rules which govern our interactions and an ability to follow or manipulate these to achieve our ends. (Graham in Hunter, 200175).and although this means that I favour David Clarks molding of community as a collection of social systems and of individuals in community as affected by different systems (Hunter, 200120) and of community development as opening systems up to each other (Hunter, 2001112) this does not fit with Freires view thatThe solution is not to integrate them into the structure of oppression but to transform that structure so that they can become beings for themselves (Freire, 199655).However, I also believe that young people themselves have the ability to transform the structure by impartiality of their active involvement within it since I do not see young people as incapable of making a vital and valuable contribution to their communities. In this I seek to avoid the bang that I have a lack of confidence in the peoples ability to think, to want and to know (Freire, 199642).The same cannot be said of the youth workers in the early 20th century who felt it necessary to improve young people but without the welfare and rescue focus found it necessary to have other ways of encouraging young people to attend. This was resolved in so far as young people were to be attracted by leisure opportunities whilst support from the ruling classes could be enlisted via the aims of moral improvement so close to their heart. Baden-Powells identification of citizenship as an answer to tough youth in 1907 enabled him to offer up scouting and its emphasis onObservation and deduction, chivalry, patriotism, self-sacrifice, personal hygiene, saving life, self-reliance, etc (Jeal, 1995382)Claiming this would produce a new generation of young people who would fit more closely the ideals sought. In other words he described his practice in terms likely to fit the preponderating ideology of the day in order to se cure the support he needed to continue the work. Again reminiscent of today sinceAttempts to attract changing sources of financial support have usually been accompanied by promises to elicit from young people whatever behaviour was required by the particular funding body (Young in Banks, 199978).I encounter the dilemma between the needs of my organisation for funding and the desire to end the stereotypical classification of homeless young people on a regular basis as I am frequently required to describe homeless young people in terms that are labelling and oppressive in order to meet the criteria and therefore the ideology of funders which suggests that young people should be capable of independent adult life but whose efforts are actually consistently frustrate by (their) relegation to the perspective of a dependent underclass (Henderson & Salmon, 198830).The new youth service of 1900s found thatWhile clubs have exploited the need for diversionary attack among working class a dolescents, and combined this with their being vehicles for a conservative ideology, they did not necessarily attract large add up (White early 1900s in Smith, 198814).Concern with the numbers of young people attending youth provision is no less today than it was then. The continued need of sponsors, whether statutory or voluntary, for statistical information concerning the use of facilities and opportunities, means that we are ever pushed towards quantifying our work for evaluation purposes instead of concentrating on the quality of provision. Mark Smith says thatPart of the reason for the failure to attract working class young people lies in the tenseness between social provision and improving aims (Smith, 198814)and although he was describing the dilemmas of early youth workers I believe this is also present today. If informal education has purpose then it cannot be anything other than improving, even Jeffs and Smith say that informal education works to the betterment of indivi duals, groups and communities (Jeffs & Smith, 199983).And if we are not honest and open about our improving aims, can young people be said to be participating voluntarily from a position of informed hold?The need to improve and socialise young people has continued to be a come about theme throughout the 20th century within government policy. The teaching method Act of 1918 gave Local Education Authorities the power to spend money on the social training of young people (Smith, 198834). Circular 1486, In the helping of Youth (Board of Education, 1939) which said that youth services should have an equal status with other educational services (Nicholls, 19978) talked of the disruption the 14-20 age group had suffered in its natural and social development (Smith, 198834).Circular 1516, The Challenge of Youth said the aim of an pasturage should be to develop the whole personality of individual boys and girls to enable them to take their place as full members of a free community (Nic holls, 19979) whilst Circular 1577 (Board of Education 1941) required young people to register with their LEA and be interviewed and certified as to how they might spend their leisure time (Smith, 198835).In 1960 the Albermarle Report portrayed the main job of youth work as being to help young people to become healthy adults (Smith, 198849) although Mark Smith argues that the second factor of Albemarles vision for the youth service (was) the containment and control of troublesome youth (Smith, 198871). In 1966 the stem Office Childrens Department began planning Community Development Projects to aid work preventing family breakdown and juvenile delinquency (Nicholls, 199720) which effectively takes us back 100 years.Informal education since then has taken on many guises, from concern about dwindling numbers of young people attending provision, to a growing awareness that there are young people who do not attend at all, the unattached youth. However it is the continuing response t o a problematic discourse that has characterised the series of moral panics about young people that has in the past and continues today to shape youth work.ConclusionAlthough a growing political awareness of the needs of young people who have been marginalised and excluded by society because of their race, gender, disability, sexuality and class etc., led to targeted work that was and is issue based, youth work has, throughout the past 150 years, maintained its associational character (Smith, 2001). However, recent work has begun to concentrate more on the individual than the social groupwork (Smith, 2002, www.infed.org/youthwork/transforming.htm) Smith says is fundamental to informal education.The linking of the youth service to the Connexions Strategy with its emphasis on surveillance, control and containment, coupled with an individual, case work emphasis will mean thatThe concern with conversation, experience and democracy normally associated with informal education is pushed to the background(Smith, 2002, www.infed.org/youthwork/transforming.htm)Working to state led objectives and targets that are fed by a communitarianist ideology that focuses on the family mean that what informal educators do in the twenty-first century does not differ greatly from the work undertaken in the 19th and the assumption that adults have a right to intervene in the lives of young people, from a variety of hidden agendas and purposes continues unchallenged. In 1944 Paneth askedHave we been intruders, disturbing an other happy community, or is it only the bourgeois in us, coming face to face with his opponents, who minds and wants to change them because he feels threatened? Or do they need help from outside? (Paneth, 1944 in Smith, 198837).

A Clockwork Orange Essay

The original A Clockwork chromaticness written by Anthony burgess and published in 1962 is a brilliant commentary on generosity and cleanity in our everto a greater extent controlling world. bourgeois believes that the unaffectionatedom to thrust moral choices is what seperates hu mankind macrocosms from plant flavour and lower animals. He illustrates his beliefs on morality with his main event Alex. Alex is given freedom to make his witness choices, and is able to see good and giving as both equ whole told(prenominal)y valid decisions. Once the state removes Alexs righteousness to make these moral choices he manufactures nonhing more then just a thing.This apologue spends elements such(prenominal) as the Christian idea of morality to further this tier. likewise burgher maps his own creation, the manner of speaking of Nadsat to further this delegate that our reality is inborn to our moral stances in this world. The phrase Brugess developed is the fashio nable accent amongst the teens of A Clockwork orangeness. Deemed Nadsat by bourgeois to reflect the Russian roots of its dialect, Indeed, the rallying cry nadsat genuinely comes from the Russian suffix for teen. (What effects Does the Language in A Clockwork orangish im fortune on the Reader).burgher developed the language of Nadsat aft(prenominal) learning Russian for a trip he had been planning with his wife. This expression explains the language as us elements of Anglo-Ameri burn, precisely numerous of the words having Slavonic roots. The language,nadsat, is explained by Blake Morrison in his introduction to the control as, essentially Anglo-Ameri sewer but many of the words are Slavic in origin,. (What do Does the Language in A Clockwork Orange Have on the Reader). This is a testament to bourgeois ability to manipulate side of meat and other origins of language to nuisancet a picture and make believe an atmosphere with words.A nonher example of burgess em ployment of vocabulary is in main eccentric person Alexs name, that stems from a-lex which has means with go forth law, a fair testament to his personality, and behavior, Another fire feature of the book, related to the language, is the message of Alexs name, which comes from a-lex, which means with protrude, or out status the law. (What Effects Does the Language in A Clockwork Orange Have on the Reader). The language was developed to make believe certain effects on the lector, and put emphasis on the for the start-off age person stead in which this impertinent was written.One of the effects the use of Nadsat has on the ref is creating a distancing sapiditying from commentator to Alex and his fabrication. This makes the contributor feel a foreboding more of an outside observer to the happenings of this novel. However, dialect used manage O my brothers creates a conflict effect to the effects of Nadsat, as it is comprehensive as opposed to distancing. This gives t he novel a feel that Alex is telling his tommyrot to you, a close friend, in a later more static time in Alexs life.This word establishes recognition of this incongruous literary device, the focal point in which Alex addresses us, quite often with the words O my brothers. makes the story creation told more personal, as it seems to be just us that Alex is talking to, and we are in receipt of an amazing story which is single being told to a chosen few. This use of language is incongruous to the use of the nadsat (What Effects Does the Language in A Clockwork Orange Have on the Reader). The arc of distancing with Nadsat is elapsed in the effect it has on dulling the violence and vivid content build d starout A Clockwork Orange.Most of the con text edition in which Nadsat is used contains discussions of ultra violent behaviors. This allows the ref to judge and observe Alex with only a vague understanding of the extent of his violent and sinister activities. This article illustrates this point with a quote from Burgess, the violence in the book is partially veiled, making it seem less shocking. As Burgess himself explainedto tolchock a chel sack outck in the kishkas does not sound as bad as booting a man in the guts. (What Effects Does the Language in A Clockwork Orange Have on the Reader).Another effect Nadsat has on the endorser is that it helps differentiate the teenagers from arise givings, or furthermore, those who carry a similar ideology, or hold a similar understanding to main character, Alex, and those who do not. As Illustrated in this article, In one representation, however, Burgess use of the nadsat provides a useful reference point for us in figuring out who among the characters is a teen and who is not. (What Effects Does the Language in A Clockwork Orange Have on the Reader). This point is also made by Alex in part one-third,Oh, that, I give tongue to, is what we call off nadsat talk. All the teens use that, sir. (A Clockwor k Orange, 167). This article is an introduction to Brugess creation, Nadsat. It clarifies the roots and origins of the dialect found in a Clockwork Orange.Explaining where Anthony Burgess found the inspiration to develop the dialect to represent the youth of his novel. Also it helps the reader understand the effects Burgess is trying to earn on your perception of the story with the introduction of Nadsat. These understandings all furthers your understanding and immersion into the story and ideals behind the story A Clockwork Orange, which I think is one of the many reasons this great story carries such a cult following.A clockwork orange EssayBy the end of the novel Alex has counterchanged as if by clockwork, because he supportnot stop himself growing up into an adult and he lie withs that he leave alone become one of the bullied passel as the new youth are born, and if he has kids that they will go through the same process as he did, just deal clockwork and he cannot stop it from happening and nor would I be able to stop him. And nor would he be able to stop his own son, brothers. And so it would itty on to like the end of the world.After chapter two, he said I am a clockwork orange, this is because after Lodovicos technique, he had no free will because as he could not even protect himself from fights because any(prenominal) the doctors said he would do, in this whizz he has become a machine, or a clockwork toy, like childrens toys, as this novel has many references to childrens things, which be in possession of been warped, like the milk with drugs in it, and now Alex being a clockwork toy.These attempts to change him failed because he had become a mechanism of the doctors, and change was forced upon him, but the uttermost(a) chapter of the book arrangements that people change and age naturally from within, change cannot be forced upon them. The novel Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde has a only different structure to that of A Clockwork orange.In Dr Jeky ll and Mr Hyde there is the use of multiple narrators, instead of just the one. This tells us, that there was no phonate for the people not in the luxuriouslyer phase of baseball club with the focal ratio bod only crucial, because all the narrators are all high- assort people with puff up paid assembly lines, as seen by Mr Utterson the lawyer this portrays that Victorians had a rattling compress view of indian lodge.This relates to Robert Louis Stevensons rearground because he was brought up in the upper middle classes of Edinburgh, he was raised as a Calvinist, in which the elite were the ones blessed by God, who turn out rich and the reprobates had a bad life, however Stevenson rebels against this and gives up law to become a writer, and he marries an already divorced woman with three children, he also by the final years of his life travels the world, this is why we only hear from Jekyll/Hyde in the last chapter, because Hyde represents rebellion , as Roberts life w as very restricted, like Jekyll before he rebelled, but after he rebelled he was free like Hyde.Stevenson breaks the book apart(predicate) in this way because at the time he wrote the book, ordination was disintegrating, as immigrants were coming to Lon strike bringing disease, religion was breaking apart because of science, crime was rising, and there was a huge element of classes, and Hyde in the novel is represented as foreign, as he is described as some damned juggernaut, which is a Indian religious statue which is carried through the streets not stopping even if people are crushed underneath it, limning him a some sort of disease.The language of Jekyll represents that of the other narrators in the novel, because all of them are upper class men so they are pass judgment to talk in a certain manner, as seen But I have been pedantically exact, as you call it, this is quite a high class way of speech, and Jekyll is narrowed by this way of speech because he is high class.Howev er in the final chapter, the language starts to change because he has to make a final decision about who to stay as, Jekyll, or Hyde, as he start to become scared, as when Jekyll starts to describe his transition into Hyde the language becomes more fluent, fun, youthful language Edward Hyde would pass away like a stain of breath upon a mirror However Jekylls speech was respectable, but with boundaries, and was very sharp and did not flow like Hydes.Jekyll enthralls evil in the form of Hyde, because in a way it gives Jekyll an prospect to experience free life without having to be a lower class. He enjoys the life of Hyde more because it has no boundaries, and he feels free with it. In Jekylls normal life he is bounded by upper class rules so he has no passion, which he very wants.This resembles A Clockwork Orange, as the final chapter of A clockwork Orange, ends unhappily, because Alex has lost all his passion, and beauty, because of his changes in euphony I was slooshying more like malenky romantic songs when he was small he was full of life when hearing Beethoven, and he has lost that as he has become older, his fun youth mean solar days have gone.This is like Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde because with Jekyll his class binds him, so he cannot be free and have wild fun, but when he is Hyde he is free and youthful I was often plunged into a kind of wonder at my vicarious depravity, he is also younger, lighter, happier, and he gets a heady recklessness when Hyde.Stevenson is like Hyde in the sense that, Hyde is a figure of rebellion again the upper class boundaries, and Stevenson did barely the same as he rebelled against Calvinist beliefs. He could also be seen like Jekyll, bounded because of his class, but Stevenson bounded by his illness, and all the time he wanted to break free, and finally he did, to become an individual, not held back by beliefs, or morals. This novel says that morals and classes cannot bind benevolentkind nature, people have to become what they become, and there is no stopping that, because as people grow they will change, and rebel against beliefs, which they think, are wrong.A Clockwork Orange EssayAnthony Burgess uses a number of devices to draw out both intellect and empathy from the reader, most notably in the direction of the novellas booster dose. Alexs first person recital thrusts the reader into the dystopian world Burgess creates and the twisted actions he undertakes as a part of his drug-fuelled ultra-violence. Despite this, the reader is also forced into grasping the understanding of the morally disturbed character and Burgess cleverly manipulates Alex as a representation of the young and disturb generation.The plot itself equally contributes to the readers feeling towards Alex as he additionally becomes a g all overnment subject torturing his mind to remove any substance of evil and the subsequent downward spiral his life takes. But Burgess continually begs the question is it possible to feel reason for a character capable of the most disgraceful crimes? Structurally, Burgess uses the formation of the novella itself and the division of the parts as a order of limiting empathy for Alex. Each part get under ones skins with the same question to the reader Whats it going to be then, eh? which at the start appears innocuous as they decide on their nights d healthyings. But this is repeated in the beginning of the second part as Alex is imprisoned the same question now has an alternative meaning, his future looks keen and he is sentenced to a stint in prison because of the murder he commits. Instead of an innocuous question, it now is a meaningful question in the readers head evoking empathy by the uncertainty of his punishment and the impending circumstances of the staja. even so the final repetition of the question in the concluding part of the novella enforces the most empathy. Firstly the cyclical nature of the question as it refers right back to the beginning suggest s to the reader that by chance Alex is now very confront with a choice to either improve his life or to continue to neglect his obvious intelligence. What evokes perhaps the most empathy is that because of his torturing under the Ludivico Technique, he no longer has the capacity to commit evil and free will is ripped away from him.The reader is forced into a moral dilemma through Burgesss manipulation of the structure which confirms the fear that he has become A Clockwork Orange. One of the most effective orders Burgess uses is the first person narrative of Alex. First person becomes a tool in the novella which allows Alex to convey his deepest thoughts to the reader, and the perspective of events. Because Burgess uses first person narrative, the reader is forced into the mind of Alex, giving an excellent brainstorm into the absence of morality in the main character.Alex says where was I to go, who had no home and not oftentimes cutter? despite being a criminal, the first pers on narrative immediately changes the viewpoint for the reader who now sympathises with Alex who is seemingly helpless and abandoned. Burgess successfully uses this narrative to ensure that the readers reaction is maximised the proximate to the action the reader is, the more likely they are to feel perception for the character involved.In the context of the novella, this is following from his familys rejection of him who have replaced him with Joe adding to the sympathy from the reader because family is supposedly the main body of support in life and when your family fails you, that renders you helpless. Alexs narrative for sure includes numerous examples of emotive language Ive suffered and Ive suffered and everybody wants me to go on suffering here the repetition of the word suffering cements the idea to the reader that this is a character who has faced hard knocks and has appears to have the world against him.The first person narrative immediately sides the reader with Alex, d efending his actions when everybody else turns on him. The word suffering suggests the pain Alex has been through, which Burgess conveys to the reader in order to connect with the character in spite of his dysphemistic acts. The device of first person narrative develops into a powerful method of evoking empathy of the reader shared emotions of the troubled character allow the reader to go far Alexs mind and the thought process behind the violence then excusing him from even the most unacceptable atrocities.How Alex addresses the reader is also a method which Burgess uses as a connecting link. Whilst in first person narrative, he addresses the reader continually O, my brothers. Initially this appears to be neither transcending nor condescending which gives the reader a certain relation to Alex, as if he was a comfortably-ordered person somebody would meet. But also the connotations of the word brother is crucial as it develops a fraternal relationship between the reader and Ale x a family, brotherly bond where the trouble Alex finds himself in, the reader understands and can even begin defending him.But as the plot progresses Alex also appeals to the reader straightway labelling himself Your Humble Narrator. The language is suggestive of Alex lowering of himself, in assistant to the reader. To the reader, this changes the relationship previously outlined by the character who now considers himself downstairs his superiors and perhaps this is a result of the continual demise of his life and his treatment, the leave out of confidence and recognition of his place on the social hierarchy.The character of Alex himself can sure as shooting be seen as a device constructed by Burgess which attracts sympathy. Notably, his love of classical melody is considered an acquired taste and is associated with the higher class things in life as a fine art. But his passion for it is sheer Then, brothers, it came. Oh, bliss, bliss and heaven and his reaction upon hearing his favourite sound is interesting as he closes himself from the rest of the world in his corner of his bedroom.In relation to a 1960s audience when classical music was perhaps more ballpark in society, Alexs preference would have certainly be shared with many people of the era. The effect this has is that both the reader and the main character have a shared taste, a common ground, linking them. Here, sympathy is created by Burgess as the readers feel closer to Alex through his love of classical music, giving him a more human side despite his violent tendencies. In conclusion, the novella on the whole culminates to evoke sympathy for the main character.Burgess main device of achieving so is certainly the first person narrative in which the audience is given the clearest insight into the protagonists actions and thoughts making a strong bond from the beginning. kinda than not encouraging to find much sympathy indeed it is genuinely hard to not find sympathy in the character of Al ex. ultimately the audiences moral dilemma of feeling sympathy for a character capable of the most sinister acts is overridden by the embedded human nature of nurturing and rehabilitation even the most evil of criminals can be put on the right path and change their ways.A clockwork orange EssayQ1. What do we learn about the character of Alex in A clockwork orange form the first quaternity chapters? In A clockwork orange Alex is the main character, there are also 3 other consequential characters too they are Dim, Pete and Georgie, they are all in the same caboodle. Alex is the attraction of this gang we have this because he calls Dim, Pete and Georgie his droogs. Alex is fifteen years old and he is a teenager who enjoys drinking and taking drugs, like all teenagers he is rebellious.He has a lot of power over people and can be quite manipulating at times as in chapter one he buys some drinks for some old baboochkas so he has an alibi. We find out that Alex is fascinated and enjo ys violence and sex. He chooses to do the bad things he does because he likes to do them But what I do I do because I like to do. We learn that Alex is advantageously educated and can speak politely to people who are able to find out what he does and make him stop doing what he does, like P.R. deltoid, his post-corrective adviser he talks to him very politely however he does go over the top on the politeness and sounds patronising for example to what do I owe the extreme pleasure? Is anything wrong, sir? we learn that he doesnt care for anyone than himself, otherwise I dont think he would of caused pain to innocent people. He doesnt like to be dirty, and when Dim was all dirty and looked a mess Alex and the other two characters tidied him up.I dont think he feels guilty after all the crimes that he commits however I do feel that he sometimes holds back and he only does the bad things he does when he has taken drugs. As well as enjoying violence and sex he enjoys classical music e sparely Beethovens ninth symphony, as when he rapes a woman in her home he puts classical music on and the way he describes the music slooshying the sluice of lovely sounds. In chapter three he associates violence with the music and climaxs with the music whilst thought about violence. Alex is very much of an individual. Q2.What effects does the style of the novel create? The way A clockwork orange is written is using a diversity of slang, old English, cockney rhyming slang, and foreign words, this is because it is Alexs own special gang language. Every gang at the time had their own gang language, which could be very different or very alike to Alexs, to this day people around the country have their own gang language. The way Anthony Burgess has written the novel has made the reader feel very involved in the violence I sometimes feel that I have actually witnessed Alex doing the dreadful things he does.The writer has achieved this by preach to the reader O my brothers. The word brother makes you feel part of his gang, when he is speaking to his other gang members or describing something he is doing or done, he will almost every time say my brother. The way Alex describes things he likes doing he does in so much detail and it really makes the reader feel the same way Alex does about what he likes. As it is from a males view point women arent seen as good as men and they are only there for sex. Q3. What do we learn of the society of the novel?In this novel we learn that the society or the sports stadium Alex lives is a very rundown reach, and it is a working class area. We know there is a lot of trouble in the area as when P. R. Deltoid comes to see Alex, Alex describes him as an overworked veck with hundreds on his book this meaning that P. R. Deltoid had lots of trouble makers to see that morning and that he had been in his job for a long time. Also people wont go out at night because of all the crime. His dad says but we dont go out much now. We darent go out much, the streets being what they are.Young hooligans and so on. This also suggests that there is a big(p) lack of police in the area to control the crime, the authority is undermined by the younger generation. There is also a lot of vandalism in the area as the old municipal image in his flatblock had been graffito on by people drawing rude things on it. The painting was to show the society of the area and it describes the painting as vecks and ptitsas very well developed, stern in the dignity of labour, at workbench and machine with not one stitch of platties on their well-developed plots. This is saying that the people in the society are working class however they are proud of what they do. I feel that there isnt a lot of trust in the area as well and that everyone is frightened of each other because in chapter two the woman at the threshold had the chain on the door so it is obvious that she is aware of all the crime in the area and is also scared. Although in chapter four the two young girls did not know about the danger of being around Alex maybe this is because they were so defenseless or they were not aware of the danger in the area.A Clockwork Orange EssayI chose for my text transformation to use the base text A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess. This novel interested me because of its individual language of Nadsat, a form of slang created by Burgess for gangs of violent English teenagers. The slang serves a serious purpose, which is too keep the violence of the protagonist from becoming unbearable to its reader, keeping the language partly veiled, for example making gratizny bratchny sound more pleasant than its meaning dirty bastard.It is important to realise that its audience of the 60s have not yet become subject to such violence and despair explored in the novel. So what have I done? I have taken four characters from the novel (Alexs parents, Alex and the schoolmaster) and placed them into The Jerry springer spaniel Show, creating a takeoff of the show. I have given Alexs parents the names of Janet and Derek and looked at their perspective of Alexs violent activities. As I would chronologically slot the show in just before the police catch him, I have kept Alexs attitude of his enjoyment of violence.When the schoolmaster has been beaten up and staggers off, that is the last we have heard of him in the novel, I opinionated to give him a voice and see what he would have said about his attack. So why did I choose to do this? The Jerry springer spaniel Show is a dysfunctional show and Alex is a dysfunctional character. Jerry customss show is amoral TV it is outrageous, shocking, scandalous and hilarious. The show has no limits. close all stories have major big twists that unfold as more guests get called out.These guests often get violent and try to kick and cowpuncher other parties involved, whilst typically Jerry tries to redeem his guests. This is why I think it kit and caboodle well with the character of Alex and his behaviour seen in the novel. The novel represents the society in which Alex lives in as complete dystopian, dark and dismal, with no law and order. The Jerry Springer Show is a chat show, although it is very staged with his agenda-setting questions and appearing guests, the show is almost entirely full of spontaneous speech.Therefore I dogged to do a replica version of the show, although obviously not confessedly to its discourse as I would be giving the characters a voice as appose to spontaneous speech written down as it is heard. Jerry Springer, as an American, has his own geographical dialect. It was important to keep this as well as phrases singly the best audience and his own idiolect right, well, hey, so, to indicate his regional origin. Jerry has an informal register that contains much ellipsis, such as youre singly the best and here cause you love.The graphology of the transformation is laid out in the convention of the transcript. The names of the chara cters have been placed on the left hand side indicating who is talking and to the right, is what is actually being said Alex are you saying do i enjoy lubbilubbing with a devotchas Janet against their will alex against their will Alex not recently no em Sounds that are not fore grounded I have placed in italics for example, the audiences reactions to the quests comments (Audience boos loudly).As this is a transcript and not a play, I have not included stage directions or actions taken by the characters, as a recording of the show a transcript would only contain sounds heard on the recorder. The syntax of Alex and his friends, in the novel, is completely different to that of any other characters. The Nadsat slang has derived from many different language sources but many are Slavic in origin. A mix of Russian and demotic English, with elements of rhyming slang and gypsy talk, O my brothers, as well as anglicized words and amputations em, pee.